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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. According to Standing, why is joy a surprise to some in terms of this emotion being tied to learning and the Montessori classroom?
(a) It occurs in traditional classrooms as well.
(b) Joy is not linked to achievement.
(c) All children feel joy.
(d) It is a healthy condition.

2. What does Standing suggest is a common property to cause and effect?
(a) Fear.
(b) Interest and suprise.
(c) Confusion.
(d) Disinterest.

3. What groups of people were often placed in mental institutions during the time Montessori began working?
(a) Foreigners.
(b) Intellects.
(c) Mentally retarded.
(d) Criminals.

4. What type of principles does the Montessori method focus?
(a) Reading.
(b) Those that are effective in adults.
(c) Mathematics.
(d) Those that occur naturally in children.

5. What were the rooms called where the children had adult guidance and time for freedom?
(a) Children's Houses.
(b) Montessori Rooms.
(c) Learning Areas.
(d) Children's Rooms.

6. According to Montessori, how do adults do their work?
(a) With an external aim.
(b) With an internal aim.
(c) Pressured.
(d) Slowly.

7. Standing suggests that individuals set out to create two worlds, one within and one without, when does he state this begins?
(a) An an adult.
(b) At Birth.
(c) As a toddler.
(d) As an adolescent.

8. During the time Montessori began working, who was making great efforts to understand the mentally ill?
(a) Freud.
(b) Kennedy.
(c) Clements.
(d) Newton.

9. According to Montessori, which of the following is not a cause for a deviation?
(a) Failure to create.
(b) Inhibition.
(c) Freedom.
(d) Invasion.

10. In terms of time, what is first created in the child's mind in order to comprehend time?
(a) Details of time.
(b) Minutes.
(c) Days.
(d) General divisions.

11. Standing states that there was not a female precedent for the work Montessori was doing, what does the author mean by "female precedent"?
(a) No females could be paid for this work.
(b) No female had do it before.
(c) No females were allowed to do what Maria was doing.
(d) No females were interested in what she was doing.

12. According to Montessori, what is necessary for children who have had disordering experiences?
(a) Strict guidelines.
(b) Freedom to explore.
(c) Direct instruction.
(d) Understanding teachers.

13. In "Exploration, Development," how does Standing describe the type of work that occurs among the children?
(a) Forced.
(b) Spontaneous and voluntary.
(c) Fast paced.
(d) Slow and calculated.

14. What type of things does Standing write astonish small children?
(a) Other people.
(b) The smallest things.
(c) Most new things.
(d) Only unique things.

15. As Montessori's popularity grew, what did she realize about the reach of her teaching methods?
(a) They are limited to early childhood.
(b) They can be taught to parents.
(c) They could be effective up to the University age.
(d) They would not be understood in some countries.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was one of Montessori's Italian sponsors?

2. What is a famous characteristic of the Montessori school?

3. According to Standing, what did Froebel call the inner relationships that children look for between things?

4. In "Development," what did Montessori give a living representation of through the work and writings?

5. According to Montessori, what is different in the way adults work compared to children?

(see the answer keys)

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