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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Harry Stack Sullivan said, "Human behavior is more simply ______________________."

2. Why is the morality of violent boys often primitive?

3. Terrance Real's work showed that emotional blockage in violent boys is partially a result of ________________.

4. These can help young boys develop a positive sense of self.

5. Recidivists are those who ________________________.

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Garbarino point out in his ten facts of violent life in terms of the temperament of violent youth?

2. What are home visiting programs, and why do they work?

3. What is emotional intelligence, and why do violent boys have lowered emotional intellect?

4. What are depersonalization and desensitization, and how do they encourage violence?

5. What are the two types of trauma, and why is one worse than the other?

6. What is the debate on the role of government and public institutions in child development?

7. What is resilience? Explain what the study done by psychologist Pat Tolan shows in terms of how things can overcome resilience.

8. Explain Kohlberg's system of moral intellect.

9. According to James Gilligan, what causes the intolerable existence of violent youths, and what is the effect?

10. Explain trauma, and why and how the learning of human fragility can be traumatic.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Morality is a large topic in the novel, both in terms of how most of us see murder, and how those who commit violent crimes see murder. Choose one of the following topics, and discuss it in detail.

1. What is moral justification? Why do "normal" individuals sometimes morally justify homicide? What types of murder are included? Why is this different from the murders that violent youth commit?

2. What is a moral circle? How does the moral circle differ between most in society and the violent youth? How does the moral circle contribute to violent behaviors?

3. What is perceived injustice? How does perceived injustice affect the moral code of violent youth? Why does perceived injustice sometimes equate to shame and intolerable states of being?

Essay Topic 2

List and discuss the four factors that can help keep a young person from becoming despondent, or as Garbarino puts it, "keep a soul from dying". Be sure to discuss not only the four factors, but how those factors help to keep the "inner light" of young people alive, despite any negative circumstances they may be in.

Essay Topic 3

There are six characteristics and conditions that are relevant to saving young men from violence, according to Garbarino. Choose three of these, and discuss them in depth, including how they help anchor a child, and how they can help avoid violent behavior.

1. Stable positive emotional relationships.

2. An ability to cope with stress

3. Intelligence

4. Authentic Self Esteem

5. Positive Social Support Outside the Family

6. Androgyny

(see the answer keys)

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