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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Many youths who participate in violence are found to have been these during childhood.

2. The monastery approach focuses on ____________________.

3. What does psychiatrist James Gilligan believe most acts of violence are caused by?

4. The sixth line of defense against violence is violence prevention and reduction programs ___________________.

5. Many extremely violent boys have experienced trauma to ___________________.

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain why some boys seek out a negative universe.

2. What are the two types of trauma, and why is one worse than the other?

3. What are the four motives of teenagers to be drawn to guns, revealed in the study by Jeremy Shapiro?

4. What is a moral circle, and how does this affect violent teens?

5. What is social support, as a foundation for resilience, and what are the two dimensions of social support?

6. Explain social toxicity, and be sure to include what it is, what it consists of, and why it is important to Garbarino.

7. What is the zone of proximal development?

8. Explain trauma, and why and how the learning of human fragility can be traumatic.

9. What does Garbarino point out in his ten facts of violent life in terms of the temperament of violent youth?

10. What are depersonalization and desensitization, and how do they encourage violence?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In the book, the effects of abuse on the social maps of children is discussed, in terms of the fact that abused children often see the world differently than those who are not abused. As part of that discussion, there are four specific elements of the moral code for abused children that have an impact on their relationship with the world. Discuss these four elements in depth. What are they, and how do they affect the world view of the abused child. How do these translate into higher changes of violence?

Essay Topic 2

Throughout the book, statistics are used to support many of the concepts within the book. On the other hand, Garbarino himself mentions the limitations of statistics as he discusses the numbers of homicides each year. Discuss the limitations of statistics, as discussed by Garbarino. Be sure to include why the numbers may be false, and how they may be misread. Next, apply the same concepts to the statistics Garbarino himself uses in the book. What are the dangers of using statistics to support ideas?

Essay Topic 3

There are six characteristics and conditions that are relevant to saving young men from violence, according to Garbarino. Choose three of these, and discuss them in depth, including how they help anchor a child, and how they can help avoid violent behavior.

1. Stable positive emotional relationships.

2. An ability to cope with stress

3. Intelligence

4. Authentic Self Esteem

5. Positive Social Support Outside the Family

6. Androgyny

(see the answer keys)

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