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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How many moral systems do most have?

2. Spiritual support can buffer against ___________________.

3. What does Garbarino call the new social math?

4. Youths who participate in the drug economy or chronic theft have distorted __________________.

5. Some children are more affected by this than others, according to psychologist Leonard Eron.

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Garbarino point out in his ten facts of violent life in terms of the temperament of violent youth?

2. How do positive connections and relationships help vulnerable youths to avoid violence?

3. Explain trauma, and why and how the learning of human fragility can be traumatic.

4. Explain Garbarino's point about moral and legal legitimacy for non-violent adults, or how we define immoral killing.

5. What is resilience? Explain what the study done by psychologist Pat Tolan shows in terms of how things can overcome resilience.

6. Explain why some boys seek out a negative universe.

7. Explain why military veterans are not violent, considering they have both depersonalized the enemy and have been desensitized.

8. What is social support, as a foundation for resilience, and what are the two dimensions of social support?

9. What forces are at work when identifying preventative measures and acting on them, in terms of violent youth?

10. What are depersonalization and desensitization, and how do they encourage violence?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Throughout the book, statistics are used to support many of the concepts within the book. On the other hand, Garbarino himself mentions the limitations of statistics as he discusses the numbers of homicides each year. Discuss the limitations of statistics, as discussed by Garbarino. Be sure to include why the numbers may be false, and how they may be misread. Next, apply the same concepts to the statistics Garbarino himself uses in the book. What are the dangers of using statistics to support ideas?

Essay Topic 2

In addition to the psychological anchors mentioned in the book, there are also social anchors that are vital to keeping youth away from violence. Choose three of the following, and discuss them, making sure to discuss not only how they help keep kids from violence, but how they compliment psychological anchors.

1. Stability

2. Affirmation

3. Security

4. Time

5. Economic Equality

6. Institutions That Foster Human Rights

Essay Topic 3

Explain the link between the U.S. populations most affected by youth violence and the particular cultural and historical patterns found in the South. Be sure to explain why the link exists, how the link influences youth violence, and how institutionalized violence plays a role in the cycle of violence across generations.

(see the answer keys)

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