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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Boys respond to risk factors with antisocial behavior, whereas girls respond with ___________________.

2. The term used in the book for the negative elements of the social environment that contaminate children is ___________________.

3. What is the term for those who are amoral in psychiatric terms?

4. What are violent children learning about adults in their lives at early ages?

5. What is amoral?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the five anchoring effects spirituality has on children?

2. What is terminal thinking, and why is it a problem for violent teens?

3. According to Garbarino, what does the masculine socialization in America mean to boys, and what is the effect?

4. According to James Gilligan, what causes the intolerable existence of violent youths, and what is the effect?

5. Explain trauma, and why and how the learning of human fragility can be traumatic.

6. What is the zone of proximal development?

7. What forces are at work when identifying preventative measures and acting on them, in terms of violent youth?

8. What are home visiting programs, and why do they work?

9. How do positive connections and relationships help vulnerable youths to avoid violence?

10. What does Garbarino point out in his ten facts of violent life in terms of the temperament of violent youth?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Garbarino notes in the book that the effects of an abusive father or an absent father, as well as having an abusive or absent mother, plays a huge role in young men becoming more violent. Discuss the ramifications of having no father, or no mother, or abusive parents, on growing up. Be sure to incorporate information about rejection, abandonment, broken attachment, abuse, and shame in your answer.

Essay Topic 2

Spirituality is a large influence on the violent tendencies of youth, according to Garbarino, and he stresses the power of spirituality in reclaiming the souls of the lost boys he works with. He stresses that spirituality can have anchoring effects on youth. He lists five anchoring effects of spirituality. Discuss these five effects of spirituality, and explain how these can help young people avoid violence in their lives, regardless of their circumstance.

Essay Topic 3

The seventh line of defense against youth violence mentioned in the book is that of character education. What is character education? What do current character education programs focus on? What is needed for character education to work? How does it help to detoxify the social environment? Do you think character education is a realistic goal? Why or why not? What obstacles do you see for these programs? Have any shown to be successful? Where?

(see the answer keys)

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