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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Recidivists are those who ________________________.

2. Garbarino claims some boys seek out images of evil and become addicted to them as a way of responding to what?

3. According to Garbarino's interview of third graders in Illinois, how many believed they could get a gun if needed?

4. What does psychiatrist James Gilligan believe most acts of violence are caused by?

5. The weakness of this trend may not always be apparent, but does little to help in crisis.

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the zone of proximal development?

2. What are the two types of trauma, and why is one worse than the other?

3. What are the four motives of teenagers to be drawn to guns, revealed in the study by Jeremy Shapiro?

4. According to James Gilligan, what causes the intolerable existence of violent youths, and what is the effect?

5. Explain why some boys seek out a negative universe.

6. What is resilience? Explain what the study done by psychologist Pat Tolan shows in terms of how things can overcome resilience.

7. Explain Kohlberg's system of moral intellect.

8. What is a moral circle, and how does this affect violent teens?

9. What is emotional intelligence, and why do violent boys have lowered emotional intellect?

10. What forces are at work when identifying preventative measures and acting on them, in terms of violent youth?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Compare and contrast the "boot camp" method of juvenile administration with the Monastery method Garbarino supports. Be sure to discuss what is included in each, underlying principles, and basic concepts, as well as explaining why Garbarino favors the monastery method, and why he believes it is so beneficial for violent youths.

Essay Topic 2

In the book, the effects of abuse on the social maps of children is discussed, in terms of the fact that abused children often see the world differently than those who are not abused. As part of that discussion, there are four specific elements of the moral code for abused children that have an impact on their relationship with the world. Discuss these four elements in depth. What are they, and how do they affect the world view of the abused child. How do these translate into higher changes of violence?

Essay Topic 3

In addition to the psychological anchors mentioned in the book, there are also social anchors that are vital to keeping youth away from violence. Choose three of the following, and discuss them, making sure to discuss not only how they help keep kids from violence, but how they compliment psychological anchors.

1. Stability

2. Affirmation

3. Security

4. Time

5. Economic Equality

6. Institutions That Foster Human Rights

(see the answer keys)

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