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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does the author blame improved care of premature babies for part of the youth violence issue?

2. What emotion is often linked with anger in troubled boys?

3. If a teen has been arrested, and has an already existing risk factor, the odds of the youth committing murder are ____________________.

4. What clothing item differentiates the levels of progress within the center?

5. In the study by Tolan and Guerra on effective treatments, what two aspects were emphasized?

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain why the problem of youth violence changes as the problem spreads, and why 'war zones' are a prime area for the 'infection' of youth violence to foster.

2. Explain the four factors that help keep a young soul from dying?

3. Explain the three effects of living without a father on youth development.

4. Explain why Garbarino argues that medical technology is partially to blame for unreliable statistics on homicide rates.

5. Explain the four ways adults in a community can help repair the damage done by disrupted parental relationships.

6. Explain negative social maps, and how they develop.

7. Explain the term 'toxic shame', and what it means to Garbarino.

8. What are the three options in terms of the development of aggressive and violent boys?

9. In addition to negative social maps, what are two other links between abuse and child develop issues?

10. Explain the tie between neurological problems and violence, and why Garbarino blames, again, medical technologies for the rise in neurological issues in children.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

There are six characteristics and conditions that are relevant to saving young men from violence, according to Garbarino. Choose three of these, and discuss them in depth, including how they help anchor a child, and how they can help avoid violent behavior.

1. Stable positive emotional relationships.

2. An ability to cope with stress

3. Intelligence

4. Authentic Self Esteem

5. Positive Social Support Outside the Family

6. Androgyny

Essay Topic 2

List and discuss the four factors that can help keep a young person from becoming despondent, or as Garbarino puts it, "keep a soul from dying". Be sure to discuss not only the four factors, but how those factors help to keep the "inner light" of young people alive, despite any negative circumstances they may be in.

Essay Topic 3

Morality is a large topic in the novel, both in terms of how most of us see murder, and how those who commit violent crimes see murder. Choose one of the following topics, and discuss it in detail.

1. What is moral justification? Why do "normal" individuals sometimes morally justify homicide? What types of murder are included? Why is this different from the murders that violent youth commit?

2. What is a moral circle? How does the moral circle differ between most in society and the violent youth? How does the moral circle contribute to violent behaviors?

3. What is perceived injustice? How does perceived injustice affect the moral code of violent youth? Why does perceived injustice sometimes equate to shame and intolerable states of being?

(see the answer keys)

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