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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What two patterns of fathers are common in the history of violent boys?

2. How has social policy contributed to youth violence?

3. What are some traits that put a child at risk for becoming aggressive?

4. What happened to Malcolm's girlfriend?

5. Children who lack attachment abilities have difficultly learning ____________________.

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain the effect of the historical and cultural patterns of the South on the 'war zones' of larger urban cities.

2. Explain why Garbarino calls these violent youth 'lost boys'.

3. What are some of the risk factors for youth violence?

4. Explain the four ways adults in a community can help repair the damage done by disrupted parental relationships.

5. Explain what researchers Patrick Tolan and Nancy Guerra discover are the most effective treatments for delinquency and criminally violent youth.

6. Explain Garbarino's stance on social conditions, and their relationship to youth violence.

7. Explain negative social maps, and how they develop.

8. Explain 'Conduct Disorder', and why it is a useful, but dangerous, label.

9. Explain the four factors that help keep a young soul from dying?

10. Explain why suicides should be included in rates of youth violence.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Spirituality is a large influence on the violent tendencies of youth, according to Garbarino, and he stresses the power of spirituality in reclaiming the souls of the lost boys he works with. He stresses that spirituality can have anchoring effects on youth. He lists five anchoring effects of spirituality. Discuss these five effects of spirituality, and explain how these can help young people avoid violence in their lives, regardless of their circumstance.

Essay Topic 2

The seventh line of defense against youth violence mentioned in the book is that of character education. What is character education? What do current character education programs focus on? What is needed for character education to work? How does it help to detoxify the social environment? Do you think character education is a realistic goal? Why or why not? What obstacles do you see for these programs? Have any shown to be successful? Where?

Essay Topic 3

In addition to the psychological anchors mentioned in the book, there are also social anchors that are vital to keeping youth away from violence. Choose three of the following, and discuss them, making sure to discuss not only how they help keep kids from violence, but how they compliment psychological anchors.

1. Stability

2. Affirmation

3. Security

4. Time

5. Economic Equality

6. Institutions That Foster Human Rights

(see the answer keys)

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