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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What book is a favorite of the boys at the center?

2. Garbarino says that at risk populations don't cause the epidemic, they _____________________.

3. Why is parental abandonment particularly dangerous?

4. In the study by Tolan and Guerra on effective treatments, what two aspects were emphasized?

5. What phrase does Garbarino use to explain the way the nation reacts to situations, based on color and socioeconomic status?

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain the term 'toxic shame', and what it means to Garbarino.

2. Explain how this problem in small cities in magnified by the educational system.

3. Explain 'Conduct Disorder', and why it is a useful, but dangerous, label.

4. Explain negative social maps, and how they develop.

5. What are the three options in terms of the development of aggressive and violent boys?

6. Explain why Garbarino argues that medical technology is partially to blame for unreliable statistics on homicide rates.

7. Explain why the problem of youth violence changes as the problem spreads, and why 'war zones' are a prime area for the 'infection' of youth violence to foster.

8. Explain how disassociation can help lead to violence.

9. Explain why some abused children avoid these negative social maps?

10. Describe the concept of the tipping point.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Garbarino discusses the predictable pattern of escalating antisocial acts that often bring violent boys to the attention of authorities. Discuss this pathway, in detail. make sure to include school, the juvenile justice system, juvenile court systems, probation officers, treatment specialists and youth advocates. Also, be sure to discuss MST treatment options, and their success. Finally, discuss options if MST is not available, including juvenile and adult prison systems.

Essay Topic 2

Spirituality is a large influence on the violent tendencies of youth, according to Garbarino, and he stresses the power of spirituality in reclaiming the souls of the lost boys he works with. He stresses that spirituality can have anchoring effects on youth. He lists five anchoring effects of spirituality. Discuss these five effects of spirituality, and explain how these can help young people avoid violence in their lives, regardless of their circumstance.

Essay Topic 3

There are ten facts of life that Garbarino believes are vital to understanding the problem of violent youths (pg 217 - 232). Each of these, he believes, implies concepts that can be used for rehabilitation programs. Choose three of these, and discuss what they are, how the affect youths and youth violence, and what implications it has for treatment and rehabilitation.

(see the answer keys)

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