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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. An extreme lack of confidence in the future is called ___________________.
(a) End thinking.
(b) Terminal thinking.
(c) Depressed thinking.
(d) Angry thinking.

2. According to Garbarino, the presence of guns means __________________.
(a) There are more drugs.
(b) There are higher rates of poverty.
(c) There is more killing.
(d) There are more police.

3. The third line of defense against violent teens are early intervention programs that deal with ___________________.
(a) Bullying issues.
(b) Alcohol issues.
(c) Attachment issues.
(d) Drug issues.

4. Social health is the sum total of a community's ___________________.
(a) Governmental anchors.
(b) Social anchors.
(c) Psychological anchors.
(d) Public anchors.

5. Many youths who participate in violence are found to have been these during childhood.
(a) Readers of comic books.
(b) Victims of bullies.
(c) Bullies.
(d) Players of video games.

Short Answer Questions

1. What generates an "intolerability of existence", according to Gilligan?

2. The term used in the book for the negative elements of the social environment that contaminate children is ___________________.

3. Behaviors that become self sustaining attain ______________________.

4. What did the two boys in Gloverville have in their car that they drove around for several days?

5. Garbarino believes that as children pass into adolescence, they are more vulnerable to ___________________.

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the zone of proximal development?

2. What are depersonalization and desensitization, and how do they encourage violence?

3. What does Garbarino point out in his ten facts of violent life in terms of the temperament of violent youth?

4. What are home visiting programs, and why do they work?

5. Explain trauma, and why and how the learning of human fragility can be traumatic.

6. What are the four breakdowns of childhood protection that Garbarino discusses in the book?

7. What is a moral circle, and how does this affect violent teens?

8. What are the two types of trauma, and why is one worse than the other?

9. What forces are at work when identifying preventative measures and acting on them, in terms of violent youth?

10. How do positive connections and relationships help vulnerable youths to avoid violence?

(see the answer keys)

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