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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What can happen in these early instances of violence in young boys?
(a) The issue can be ignored.
(b) The issue can either be seen and treated, ignored, or acted out in a harmless manner.
(c) The issue can be harmless.
(d) The issue can be seen and treated immediately.

2. What does Garbarino claim can lead us to humane treatment and rehabilitation?
(a) Learning about substance abuse.
(b) Learning about the life experiences of violent youth.
(c) Understanding the gang culture.
(d) Better education.

3. What is the name of the game children in 'war zone' neighborhoods play with blocks?
(a) War.
(b) Funeral.
(c) Gangland.
(d) Death.

4. How do some boys become lost, even without purposeful abuse and neglect?
(a) A withdrawal of attention.
(b) A withdrawal of positive adults, through divorce.
(c) A withdrawal of love.
(d) A withdrawal of parental guidance.

5. What does Julio represent?
(a) A failure.
(b) A lost cause.
(c) A tragedy.
(d) A success.

Short Answer Questions

1. How has social policy contributed to youth violence?

2. What often begins the spiral of depression, anger, and violence in teenage boys?

3. What has been found to lower as developmental threats accumulate?

4. Why is parental abandonment particularly dangerous?

5. What is the name of center Garbarino helps run?

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain the accumulation approach to risk factors for youth violence, and how it helps lend hope for helping these young men.

2. Describe the first step in how the 'disease' of youth violence spread in the United States.

3. Explain the term 'toxic shame', and what it means to Garbarino.

4. Explain negative social maps, and how they develop.

5. Discuss what happened in 1998 that made the world take notice of youth violence.

6. Explain the effect of the historical and cultural patterns of the South on the 'war zones' of larger urban cities.

7. Explain how disassociation can help lead to violence.

8. What does Garbarino say about society's desire to punish violent youth?

9. Explain the four factors that help keep a young soul from dying?

10. Explain what class and race bias are, and how they contribute to a lack of concern for youth violence in minority areas.

(see the answer keys)

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