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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who is the first person in history to speak out against slavery unequivocally?

2. In contrast to his youth, Augustine's post-conversion views on sex appear to be:

3. What Psalm was Columcille in the middle of copying the night he died?

4. Why is Ireland the only place from which the European missionaries can get books?

5. Christian Saxons always look to the Irish as ____________ in Christ.

Short Essay Questions

1. Who do the archaeologists who found Lindow Man believe he was, and what do they believe was the reason for his sacrifice?

2. What does the poem "St. Patrick's Breastplate" inspire?

3. Why was Patricius turned away when he arrived in Wexford and asked for passage to Britain?

4. Where was Kevin of Glendalough's monastery located?

5. What do the Irish monasteries, whose leaders are termed "literate druids," become centers for?

6. What happens when war goddesses Nemain and Badb appear in warriors' dreams to tell them what will happen in battle the following day?

7. Where were the "spirals, zigzags, and lozenges" that decorated the Irish monks' books first used?

8. What is Patrick's view of magic?

9. What are Patrick's and Augustine's opinions of each other? Why?

10. As the White Martyrs establish monasteries across Europe, what situation do they repeatedly encounter and from where does the solution come?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In Chapter 1, it is stated that Rome fell gradually and that, although previous barbarian threats from Gaul were able to be dealt with, Rome was in such decline that when the Germanic tribes invaded they overwhelmed Rome. Please analyze, using examples from the text, what is believed to have caused the decline of Rome and why this decline caused the barbarians to defeat the Romans.

Essay Topic 2

Define and describe, supporting your statements from the text, Augustine's doctrines of original sin, grace, and the trinity.

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast, using the text for support, the level of importance that Augustine and Patrick each place on their converts' adherence to conventional, traditional relationships.

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