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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. One thing that all heroes in ancient Irish literature have in common is that they fall prey to some "geis." What does the word "geis" mean in English?

2. What does Patrick find the Irish displaying in their temples, on their palisades, and even hanging on their belts?

3. What publication format replaced the scroll?

4. After he returns to Britain, what does Patricius feel called by?

5. What was Patricius' faith before his kidnapping?

Short Essay Questions

1. Although the Irish saw nothing positive in the Viking occupation, what did they in fact establish?

2. Before he was kidnapped, what was Patricius' opinion of God and the Catholic Church?

3. How are the Irish gods and goddesses are described?

4. What is Patrick's view of magic?

5. Where were the "spirals, zigzags, and lozenges" that decorated the Irish monks' books first used?

6. Where was Kevin of Glendalough's monastery located?

7. Why did Pope Honorius III order that John Scotus' book, De Divisione Naturae, be burned?

8. When Patricius (renamed Patrick) leaves the Ecumene after his ordination to become a missionary to Ireland, what is he willing to do for the sake of the Gospel?

9. What happens when war goddesses Nemain and Badb appear in warriors' dreams to tell them what will happen in battle the following day?

10. What monasteries did Columbanus found in Gaul?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Demonstrate and explain, using the text to support your statements, how Patrick invoked the elements to his aid as the hand of a well-meaning God.

Essay Topic 2

Chapter 1 also states that the barbarians invaded Rome because they were transitioning from a hunter-gatherer society to an agricultural society. Please write an essay that compares and contrasts the characteristics of a hunter-gatherer society with those of an agricultural society.

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast Augustine's and Patrick's approach to dealing with paganism as they converted the Romans and Irish, respectively, to Christianity. Use the text for research and support.

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