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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. At the time of his capture, what is the name of the young man enslaved as a shepherd by the Irish in 401 C.E.?
(a) Patricius.
(b) Patrick.
(c) Petrarch.
(d) Patrocles.

2. Whose student is Plato?
(a) Homer.
(b) Socrates.
(c) Plato.
(d) Aristotle.

3. Which university is historian Anthony Grafton affiliated with?
(a) Harvard.
(b) Cambridge.
(c) Oxford.
(d) Princeton.

4. What is the only Celtic nation-state in the world?
(a) Wales.
(b) Ireland.
(c) Scotland.
(d) England.

5. What was fifth-century Rome considered?
(a) A third-world country.
(b) The most modern society in the known world.
(c) A representative republic.
(d) The world's only superpower.

Short Answer Questions

1. What position is Ausonius given in the year 375 A.D.?

2. Which prophecy refers to the Roman Empire's total lifespan?

3. How many years after this first encounter did St. Augustine blame paganism for the problems his city was having with barbarians?

4. Who was Charles Kingsley?

5. In what era were these "white chimpanzees" written of?

Short Essay Questions

1. What dichotomy that troubled Augustine was addressed by Manicheism, Plato, and Saul of Tarsus?

2. On December 31, 401, when the Roman legions and the barbarians first face each other in battle, how many years remain in the twelve centuries the Roman Empire is prophesied to last?

3. If these White Martyrs had not existed, what major advances in civilization would not have occurred?

4. Why were the barbarians seeking to migrate into Rome?

5. Because the Irish understand that life is fleeting, what do they pursue instead of holding onto people or things?

6. What would cause a tax collector to seek a loan from a lord, and what would cause the collector to default?

7. What, instead of the popular belief that Roman gods were punishing Rome with barbarians in order to take out their anger upon Romans who converted to Christianity, does St. Augustine claim is the cause of the barbarian siege of Rome?

8. What does Augustine discover about language?

9. As the Roman Empire continues to decline, what is the concept of "what is being done" replaced by?

10. How are the aborigines who inhabited Ireland when the Celts reached it described?

(see the answer keys)

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