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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When Queen Medb's messenger finds a replacement bull, what are the terms under which its owner agrees to lend it to her?
(a) His choice of one of Medb's own cows and her daughter's hand.
(b) Financial profit and his choice of one of Medb's own cows.
(c) His choice of one of Medb's own cows and Medb's own "friendly thighs."
(d) Financial profit and Medb's own "friendly thighs."

2. What was the effect of this battle on Cuchulainn, his helper, and his horse, according to the legend?
(a) Cuchulainn's helper died, but he and his horse recovered from their wounds.
(b) All three were lightly wounded.
(c) All three were severely wounded, but recovered.
(d) All three were unscratched and unstained.

3. Who wrote of "white chimpanzees" dying of hunger?
(a) Anthony Grafton.
(b) Thomas Cahill.
(c) Charles Kingsley.
(d) Benjamin Disraeli.

4. What is the only Celtic nation-state in the world?
(a) Ireland.
(b) Wales.
(c) Scotland.
(d) England.

5. Which prophecy refers to the Roman Empire's total lifespan?
(a) The Prophecy of the Twelve Eagles.
(b) The Prophecy of Romulus and Remus.
(c) The Prophecy of Apollo.
(d) The Prophecy of Rome.

Short Answer Questions

1. What nickname is given to the people who reintroduced culture to medieval Europe?

2. After Rome is conquered, which Italian city temporarily became the capital?

3. What did Petrarch blame for the Roman Empire's fall?

4. What city is the capital of Roman Africa?

5. In Tain Bo Cuailnge, why does Queen Medb's bull defect to King Ailil?

Short Essay Questions

1. What regions did the Celts conquer between 600 and 400 B.C.E.?

2. What careers did Patricius' father and grandfather hold?

3. According to the author of How the Irish Saved Civilization, in what type of relationship are the Irish faithful and loyal? In what type of relationship are they not necessarily?

4. If these White Martyrs had not existed, what major advances in civilization would not have occurred?

5. Why do local lords loan money to tax collectors?

6. What analogy is used to explain the concept of the Roman legions being overrun by barbarians?

7. What legendary Irish creatures did the aborigines who inhabited Ireland when the Celts arrived eventually become?

8. As the Roman Empire continues to decline, what is the concept of "what is being done" replaced by?

9. What would cause a tax collector to seek a loan from a lord, and what would cause the collector to default?

10. What is key to the Pax Romana (the Roman Peace)?

(see the answer keys)

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