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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is NOT true about the great Irish prayer known both as "Saint Patrick's Breastplate" and as "The Deer's Cry"?
(a) The speaker in the prayer is most likely a druid who has converted to Christianity.
(b) It was written in the seventh or eighth century.
(c) The prayer summons God's power against all forms of evil.
(d) It was written by Patrick himself.

2. Why is Ireland the only place from which the European missionaries can get books?
(a) The barbarians are illiterate.
(b) The missionaries only speak Gaelic.
(c) The barbarians are pagans.
(d) The art of copying is dead in Italy and Gaul.

3. Who was the first emperor to blend Roman citizenship and church membership?
(a) Marcus Aurelius.
(b) Constantine.
(c) Nero.
(d) Julius Caesar.

4. Who burns John Scotus Eriugena's book, De Divisione Naturae?
(a) Pope Gregory I.
(b) King Charlemagne.
(c) Pope Honorius III.
(d) King Charles the Bald.

5. The Irish believe that "the one thing the devil cannot bear is _____________."
(a) Cooperation.
(b) Laughter.
(c) Joy.
(d) Faith.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is the unusual form of apology mentioned in Chapter 4 that is requested by the sailors of Patricius?

2. What did Tolland Man, Grauballe Man, Borremose Man, and Lindow Man all have in common?

3. Ireland becomes the first _____________________ country as it becomes an English colony.

4. How does Patrick convince the Irish to stop human sacrifices?

5. What was Brigid before she is consecrated as a bishop?

Short Essay Questions

1. How are the Irish gods and goddesses are described?

2. Although the Irish saw nothing positive in the Viking occupation, what did they in fact establish?

3. What are Patrick's and Augustine's opinions of each other? Why?

4. What event did Irish Christians light bonfires to commemorate?

5. Where were the "spirals, zigzags, and lozenges" that decorated the Irish monks' books first used?

6. Why did Pope Honorius III order that John Scotus' book, De Divisione Naturae, be burned?

7. Who was described as "the first man in three hundred years who was able to think?"

8. What happens when war goddesses Nemain and Badb appear in warriors' dreams to tell them what will happen in battle the following day?

9. What effect do the decisions made at the Synod of Whitby have on the Irish understanding of the relationship between themselves and Rome?

10. What were the "White Martyrs?"

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