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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The classic Christian doctrines of original sin, grace, and the trinity are first articulated by this person.

2. Which prophecy refers to the Roman Empire's total lifespan?

3. What happens to Augustine when, after reading the works of Saul of Tarsus, he realized that Plato's views on truth were wrong?

4. The author of How the Irish Saved Civilization vows to give hearing to all "without ______."

5. What are the Irish renowned as during the fifth century?

Short Essay Questions

1. What would cause a tax collector to seek a loan from a lord, and what would cause the collector to default?

2. Who does the author say have controlled what is said about the Irish Catholic past and overlooked Ireland's contributions to civilization?

3. What, instead of the popular belief that Roman gods were punishing Rome with barbarians in order to take out their anger upon Romans who converted to Christianity, does St. Augustine claim is the cause of the barbarian siege of Rome?

4. What does Augustine discover about language?

5. What regions did the Celts conquer between 600 and 400 B.C.E.?

6. What careers did Patricius' father and grandfather hold?

7. On December 31, 401, when the Roman legions and the barbarians first face each other in battle, how many years remain in the twelve centuries the Roman Empire is prophesied to last?

8. When the landlords redeem their slaves, what do the men and women become?

9. What is key to the Pax Romana (the Roman Peace)?

10. If these White Martyrs had not existed, what major advances in civilization would not have occurred?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Using the text to support your statements, compare and contrast the Irish Catholic church's views on the office of abbot, penance, and confession with those of the Roman Catholic church.

Essay Topic 2

Beginning in the sixteenth century, Ireland came under the rule of newly Protestant England, and Irish Catholics came under discrimination and persecution that led to centuries of civil war that ended only in the early 21st century. Explain, using the text to support your statements, the various forms of oppression that the Irish Catholics endured, and tie it in to the statement made in the Introduction that Protestant Anglo-Saxons have controlled what is said about a Celtic, Catholic past and overlooked Ireland's contribution in a crucial period.

Essay Topic 3

Using the text to support your arguments, explain and analyze the Irish copying and publishing process. How was it unique? How did it lend itself to assisting in the later re-civilization of Europe?

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