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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. After military setbacks, what disagreement arses between Nicias and Demosthenes?
(a) Demosthenes wants to withdraw but Nicias disagrees.
(b) Demosthenes and Nicias cannot agree on a battle plan.
(c) Demosthenes feels they have enough troops but Nicias wants more.
(d) They quarrel over who is the top commander.

2. Where are most of the skirmishes fought in 411 BC?
(a) The Hellespont
(b) In Miletus
(c) At Lycros
(d) In Crete

3. How did Thucydides see the period of 422 to 421 BC?
(a) Part of a continuous military struggle with a lull included.
(b) A period of rearmament for both sides
(c) A time when no military operations are launched.
(d) An era of more guerilla warfare

4. What area remains as the seat of power after the defeat at Syracuse?
(a) Athens and the Delian League.
(b) Persia and Corinth.
(c) Samos, Chios, and Sardis.
(d) The Attica-Euboea-Boeotia-Peloponnesus Theater

5. In 422 BC, what is the financial condition of Athens?
(a) Athens is bankrupt and has to forego paying its soldiers.
(b) The Athenian treasury is being supplied only from conquered territories.
(c) The treasury has been largely expended and private subscriptions and extra taxes have been utilized for military expansion.
(d) Athenian wealth has grown far beyond what the Spartans had.

6. What desecration of religious idols is charged to Alcibiades?
(a) The stoning of the Oracle at Delphi
(b) Knocking over the statues of Athena
(c) The vandalism of the Hermae of Athens
(d) Setting fire to the temple of Apollo

7. As Spartan power grows, what happens in the Delian League?
(a) Old alliances are hasitly renewed.
(b) Revolution begins to foment throughout the Athenian empire.
(c) There is a change in political power within Athens.
(d) Manpower becomes a serious problem when they cannot pay.

8. What is the first step in the unraveling of the Athenian force?
(a) The Spartan presence in fortified Decelea causes difficulty in Athens, and Sparta sends reinforcements to Syracuse.
(b) The raids on Peloponnesus become ineffective.
(c) Money is playing out in Athens.
(d) There starts to be a lot of defections.

9. What happens in Attica during the time of the battle at Amphipolis?
(a) All of Attica is annexed by Sparta.
(b) The farmers are allowed to return to their fields.
(c) The Crocyrans launch a successful attack.
(d) The Boeotians enjoy military success in Attica.

10. What indicates Athens' former military superiority as late as 412 BC?
(a) Persia still considers Athens as a threat.
(b) Small nations still look to Sthens for protection.
(c) Sparta is still unable to get beyond Attica.
(d) Athens still has a significant military force .

11. What are the Athenians doing in Italy at about the same time?
(a) Preparing to invade Syracuse
(b) Regrouping to attack Peloponnesus
(c) Taking a break from the war
(d) Calling an international conference

12. What is happening to the once invincible hoplite phalanx?
(a) It is becoming too expensive to mount.
(b) It is becoming ineffective against new weapons and tactics.
(c) It is failing because it had been overused.
(d) It is no longer being used by the Athenians.

13. Why is Book 5 of the History of the Peloponnesian War such a short book?
(a) Much of the history during that time is lost.
(b) There is only one battle during that time.
(c) Thucydides has to leave Athens in a hurry.
(d) There are fewer conflicts spread out over a number of years.

14. What happens in the second battle at Syracuse?
(a) Nicias finally takes aggressive action.
(b) Cleon comes and takes command of the Athenians.
(c) Alcibiades arrives with reinforcements.
(d) Gylippus leads his troops to victory.

15. What military involvement in 416 BC is hotly argued in Athens?
(a) Mounting an invasion of Italy
(b) Sending hoplites to guard the borders of Attica
(c) Conscripting Helots to fight the Spartans
(d) Sending a fleet again to Sicily

Short Answer Questions

1. What practice does Thucydides not value other than recognizing its effect on politics and the military?

2. How does the text of Thucydides' history end?

3. What marks the period of the peace of Nicias from 421 to 413 BC?

4. What is the relationship of Melos to Athens during the period of the peace of Nicias?

5. Who arrives in Sicily and changes the course of the conflict with Athens?

(see the answer keys)

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