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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which of the following was the main carrier of disease at this time?

2. In 1630, approximately _____ Florentines died from disease?

3. Which famous man was killed in the same year she was born?

4. The man was killed, in part, for stating which of the following:

5. How old was Galileo when Marina died?

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain the first experience with a telescope. Also explain what it meant to the future study of the galaxy.

2. How severe was the presence of the plague in Rome in the 1600s? When was the worst period in history for the plague? How does Sobel refer to the returning plague?

3. What was the Grand Duke's plan to stop the plague from spreading even further?

4. Name at least one of the major issues faced by Urban in his new position as Pope. How did Urban respond?

5. In addition to helping Galileo with the printing license, other benefits came from his relationship with Caterina. What were the benefits?

6. Galileo suffered a tragedy shortly after the trip to Rome. What was the tragedy? What caused it?

7. Why did Galileo have to go through regular channels if the Pope approved of the work? Who was responsible for issuing the printing licenses?

8. What was the name of the Pope elected in Part 2? When was the Pope elected? What was his former identity?

9. Who was announced as being the new Grand Duke of Tuscany? In what year was he installed as Grand Duke? To which famous family was the new Duke related?

10. Who were the other two Galilei children? What was their place in the family?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe the relationship between Galileo and Marina Gamba. Why was the couple never married? Were there class or religious barriers that might have prevented a marriage? Explain. How did the families feel about the relationship? Was that type of relationship unusual at the time? What was the opinion of the Church on the relationship? How did it affect the children? Did the relationship affect Galileo's career?

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the decision to put Virginia and Livia into the convent. Who made the decision? What was the main purpose for sending the girls to the convent? Was the situation meant to be temporary or permanent? Discuss their choice of names when they took vows. Discuss Maria Celeste's influence on Arcangela's choice to take her vows.

Essay Topic 3

Describe in detail the life of the nuns at San Matteo. How does the convent compare with today's convents? Is the order still in existence? If so, where? What influence did Maria Celeste have on the convent? Compare and contrast the views and experiences of the sisters.

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