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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which person was eager to step forward to help the convent through their leanest hours?

2. Convents in Italy were different than in other countries because they were permitted to own which of the following?

3. In what year was Galileo first told to desist on his astronomical work?

4. What name did the second daughter adopt?

5. How long did Galileo stay in Rome?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who was announced as being the new Grand Duke of Tuscany? In what year was he installed as Grand Duke? To which famous family was the new Duke related?

2. What was the major difference in the opportunities given to Vincenzio as opposed to those given to Maria Celeste and Arcangela?

3. How severe was the presence of the plague in Rome in the 1600s? When was the worst period in history for the plague? How does Sobel refer to the returning plague?

4. Urban was highly impressed with Galileo's work. Which new work struck the Pope as being brilliant? What did Galileo write in the dedication?

5. What significant event took place during Galileo's time in Rome?

6. Why do you think Maria Celeste had such a special bond with her father, aside from her position in the family?

7. What were the accolades and criticisms following Pope Urban's inauguration?

8. What was the purpose of Galileo's next trip to Rome? Who did he see?

9. Despite scientific advancements many people were at a loss to explain the plague, how it spread, and how to cure it. Discuss some of the beliefs of the people.

10. What did Galileo send to Urban as soon as it was proper to do so? What was Galileo's hope in regards to a new relationship with an old friend?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Write a detailed biography on the Medici family. Why was the family so powerful? What was Galileo's relationship with the Medicis? Did the relationship help or hinder Galileo's career and issues with the Pope? Also explain the effect of the Medicis in Padua and the surrounding region.

Essay Topic 2

Livia and Virginia remained illegitimate, even though Galileo claimed the daughters as his own. Vincenzio, on the other hand, was legitimized by the Church. Why? Explain why Vincenzio was treated differently. What did it mean to be "legitimized?" How did it affect Vincenzio's career? How did the act change Galileo's career?

Essay Topic 3

Galileo suffered from several afflictions as he got older. Many of those afflictions were treated by Maria Celeste. Explain Galileo's afflictions. Which was the worst? Was any one of the afflictions fatal or terminal? Explain. How was Maria Celeste able to help her father? Did the remedies help? Where did Galileo spend his last days? What eventually killed Galileo?

(see the answer keys)

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