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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How long did Galileo stay in Rome this time?

2. What was the surname of Galileo's lover and mother to his children?

3. What was the name of the youngest Galilei child.

4. What is it called when someone commits a crime against God?

5. When Galileo arrived in Rome, he was lodged at which of the following?

Short Essay Questions

1. When did Virginia take her vows? Where did she get the name Maria Celeste?

2. What is the structure of the book? How many letters are there in total?

3. What was the name of the Pope elected in Part 2? When was the Pope elected? What was his former identity?

4. What did Galileo send to Urban as soon as it was proper to do so? What was Galileo's hope in regards to a new relationship with an old friend?

5. In addition to helping Galileo with the printing license, other benefits came from his relationship with Caterina. What were the benefits?

6. Despite scientific advancements many people were at a loss to explain the plague, how it spread, and how to cure it. Discuss some of the beliefs of the people.

7. Explain the reaction of Maria Celeste upon learning the identity of the new Pope. What was Maris Celeste's recommendation to her father? Did Galileo take Maria Celeste's advice?

8. What was the major difference in the opportunities given to Vincenzio as opposed to those given to Maria Celeste and Arcangela?

9. Who was announced as being the new Grand Duke of Tuscany? In what year was he installed as Grand Duke? To which famous family was the new Duke related?

10. Describe Maria Celeste's birth and journey to the Convent at San Matteo.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the decision to put Virginia and Livia into the convent. Who made the decision? What was the main purpose for sending the girls to the convent? Was the situation meant to be temporary or permanent? Discuss their choice of names when they took vows. Discuss Maria Celeste's influence on Arcangela's choice to take her vows.

Essay Topic 2

Describe in detail the court proceedings against Galileo. Who pressed the charges? What were the charges? Was Galileo guilty? What was the punishment served on Galileo? What was the length of the sentence? What was the overall opinion of the church, the academic community, and Galileo's family? Did the punishment fit the crime?

Essay Topic 3

In 1600, Cardinal Bruno was burned at the stake. Why was the cardinal killed? What was the official crime? Write a 1000-word essay on the Cardinal Bruno. Who was he? Where did he fit into the story? Examine the Cardinal's work and conflict with the Church. Explain the irony and connection to Galileo.

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