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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. ____ told Luther that his plea to be heard was one always used by heretics.

2. What conflict had recently been settled?

3. Luther was eventually tried before the ______ of Worms.

4. It was said that Luther made ____ major blunders.

5. People began to focus on rediscovering Latin and ___ classics.

Short Essay Questions

1. Examine the basic history of Magellan.

2. What was Luther's discovery regarding literacy?

3. How did the Vatican respond to the selling of indulgences?

4. How did the Catholics respond to Protestants and other heretics? Catholics urged reforms to stop people leaving the church for Protestantism. They fought against the Protestants, referring to them as heretics. The Church would use military and political action as its primary means. Every aspect of Protestantism would be condemned in bulls, but the rebel faiths did well. Heresy would not be tolerated on pain of death.

5. Luther was not arrested during his appeal. What court proceeding soon followed?

6. Pope Leo was not focused on the Reformation but rather chose to focus on war. What were Leo's plans?

7. What was the outcome of Luther's trial?

8. What are some of the regions that were discovered around this time?

9. What events occurred due to Pope Clement's lack of ability as a politician?

10. What mistake was made regarding Luther's beliefs?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Examine the artists and artistic accomplishments listed in the book. Who were the most influential artists of the time? Were they celebrated because of talent or political connections? Why were the elite so eager to support the arts? What type of art came to the forefront in the Renaissance? How did the artistic movement affect all art to follow? Give examples.

Essay Topic 2

Discuss Tetzel's challenge to Luther. What was the challenge? Why did Tetzel make the challenge? Why was Tetzel sure he would win? What was Luther's reaction? What was the reaction of the people? Who won the battle?

Essay Topic 3

Juan Sebastian del Cano was a captain of the Victoria in Magellan's armada. Discuss del Cano. What were his qualifications? What was his relationship to Magellan? How was del Cano received in Spain? What was his main contribution to the voyage?

(see the answer keys)

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