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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Humanism, by definition, promoted the downfall of ____.
(a) Papacy.
(b) Science.
(c) Religion.
(d) Government.

2. Which of the following supposedly affected customary religion?
(a) Literacy.
(b) Sea voyages.
(c) Science.
(d) Astronomy.

3. Henry was referred to as the "Defender of the ____."
(a) Pope.
(b) Soul.
(c) Faith.
(d) Church.

4. How many rivers irrigated the Garden of Eden?
(a) 2.
(b) 4.
(c) 5.
(d) 3.

5. Which leaflet was penned by Eck?
(a) Temples.
(b) Papacy.
(c) Resolutiones.
(d) Obelisks.

Short Answer Questions

1. _____ told Aleandro that Luther's arrest was unjustified.

2. Early sea voyages were difficult due to a lack of ____.

3. Who drafted the bill to excommunicate Henry?

4. It was originally thought that the ___ was/were the center of the universe.

5. Frederick ____ the Wise was the elector of Saxony.

Short Essay Questions

1. How did the Catholic Church raise money shortly before the start of the Reformation?

2. Examine the position of Henry VIII at this time.

3. How did the Catholics respond to Protestants and other heretics? Catholics urged reforms to stop people leaving the church for Protestantism. They fought against the Protestants, referring to them as heretics. The Church would use military and political action as its primary means. Every aspect of Protestantism would be condemned in bulls, but the rebel faiths did well. Heresy would not be tolerated on pain of death.

4. Who were among Luther's most avid supporters?

5. Examine Pope Leo's take on the Reformation.

6. How did Frederick the Wise respond to the sale of indulgences?

7. What was Henry's downfall in the church?

8. Luther was not arrested during his appeal. What court proceeding soon followed?

9. What are some of the regions that were discovered around this time?

10. What mistake was made regarding Luther's beliefs?

(see the answer keys)

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