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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In which city was the patent introduced?
(a) Beijing.
(b) Rome.
(c) London.
(d) Mainz.

2. To whom was the girl married?
(a) Kotter.
(b) Orsini.
(c) Carlito.
(d) Borgia.

3. What was the position of Peter Schoffer?
(a) Stable boy.
(b) Janitor.
(c) Typesetter.
(d) Judge.

4. What was the name of the German gunsmith?
(a) Kotter.
(b) Wilhelm.
(c) Eichmann.
(d) Krug.

5. The sovereign's main competitor came from which country?
(a) Sweden.
(b) Norway.
(c) Portugal.
(d) Spain.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which invention came to the forefront of the culture at this time?

2. Which animal appeared on the Borgia flag?

3. Which is not mentioned as a major ailment of the Dark Ages?

4. What is the estimated illiteracy rate among women at this time?

5. In which year were the heirs to the English throne murdered?

Short Essay Questions

1. Discuss the legacy of Pope Alexander's children.

2. Manchester says that the clash between humanists and the Vatican was not immediate. Explain.

3. According to the author, what part did Saint Augustine play in the church?

4. Examine how the church conflicted with the monarchy.

5. What does Manchester say about the term "Dark Ages?"

6. Examine how some of the popes used their office as a front for less than ethical actions.

7. How was the money given by tithing members of the church most often used?

8. Examine a medieval person's sense of self.

9. Discuss the average person's life.

10. Examine travel during the Renaissance period.

(see the answer keys)

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