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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The great majority of African Americans in the South remained loyal to the __________ Party.

2. The Reconstruction Klan seems to many African Americans to be a new form of the old ____________.

3. School houses were where African Americans learned about __________, their enfranchisement, and the importance of voting.

4. In South Carolina, about 55% of the state legislature was filled by ______________, including many blacks.

5. It was as enforcers that black __________ may have made their most influential and powerful contributions to developing political communities.

Short Essay Questions

1. What was not really organized in the state of Virginia at the time of the late 1870s and early 1880s?

2. Why is it impossible to define a typical Klan experience?

3. What were some of the tactics used by members of the opposition to the black vote to keep blacks away from voting?

4. Black groups began to challenge the Democratic and conservative rule, how were these challenges waged most aggressively?

5. What did African Americans understand clearly about the democracy of the United States?

6. Where were the destinations where many newly freed black men were seeking to emigrate to?

7. What were the promising results of the control of the legislature by the Readjusters?

8. Where was the emigration sentiment the most powerful, according to Hahn's research?

9. What were some of the rumors spreading about the black farm workers in some areas?

10. What was Frederick Douglass' response to the idea of emigration for newly freed blacks?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The idea of community is one that began to be quite important to African Americans after they gained freedom from slavery.

Part 1: How does a community benefit its individual members?

Part 2: Why would a community be important to newly freed slaves?

Part 3: How might a community allow African Americans the chance to obtain the rights they deserve?

Essay Topic 2

Over time, movements were beginning to sprout up that were led by both whites and blacks, not just African Americans.

Part 1: Why do you think whites began to get involved in African American rights movements?

Part 2: Do you think it was necessary for whites to become involved in African American movements?

Part 3: Do you think it was a good idea for whites to help out the blacks in their organizing efforts? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

The Dred Scott case denied the rights of citizenship to all blacks, making an important contribution to the political struggles.

Part 1: Why do you think denying citizenship was important goal of some people during this time?

Part 2: Do you think it was right for the legal system to deny the rights of citizenship of blacks? Why or why not?

Part 3: How would you feel if your rights and your citizenship rights were suddenly taken away?

(see the answer keys)

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