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Ku Klux Klan

This is an organization that erupted in the South which sought to enforce the subordination of former slaves and to punish anyone, black or white, who challenged the racial hierarchies.

The Emigration Movement

Many African Americans sought to join this movement in order to escape the repression and violence in the United States and the South.

Union League

This group spread throughout the South during Reconstruction, with many African Americans joining the political organization. It emerged out of a network of organizations that had started in the North in 1862 and 1863 to rally support for the Lincoln Administration.

Colonization Council

Founded in part by Henry Adams in 1874, this group sought a site where African Americans could emigrate to and live in freedom without the oppression of whites that they faced in the South.

American Colonization Society

This group was a white, dominated organization that was focused...

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