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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Even as the males gain control over government in Minoan culture, the Goddess remains supreme and the male is a _____________.

2. Various Hatti Goddesses survive the battle of the Hittites, and are known as the __________.

3. What is another name for the Northern Tribes as they are described in this chapter?

4. Who were the light-skinned warriors who encountered the darker-skinned Goddess worshiping people?

5. Who is the author of "The Golden Ass' which was written in the second century CE?

Short Essay Questions

1. During the 18th dynasty in Egypt, women's roles are severely changed - what did they change to and from?

2. Why is the Upper Paleolithic existence of the Goddess speculative at the point of writing this book?

3. What are the three types of evidence which seem to point out the existence of the Goddess in Upper Paleolithic times?

4. Who do women appear as in civil litigation during the times of the Egyptians, according to papyri?

5. Who is the Goddess Hatti who is found in Hittite literature as being one of the most important figures?

6. Who is the Goddess Ninhursag, otherwise known as Ninmah?

7. How does Merlin Stone say that society portrays the modern women and her inherent qualities?

8. Since little has survived about the Goddess in Sumerian times, how can one believe the Goddess was important?

9. What is similar in the Paleolithic and Neolithic figurines of the Goddess?

10. How does the mythological spouse begin to gain importance in the female-based world?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Using art as a source of evidence for Goddess worship seems to be a narrow way to support the author's ideas.

Part 1: Why is art an important source of information for history?

Part 2: Why is art a more helpful way to find out about a culture from the past? Or isn't it?

Part 3: Why do you think earlier peoples used art to keep track of their history and their beliefs?

Essay Topic 2

The connection between the male structures of society and war are prevalent through history and into the modern times.

Part 1: Why do you think men are traditionally linked with the ideas of aggression and war?

Part 2: Why aren't women seen as being more aggressive?

Part 3: Do you think there are any benefits to giving one gender the 'responsibility' of war and of aggression? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

While it's easy to say that women were the one who were subjugated at all times, men were also the victims of persecution too.

Part 1: Why do you think the Goddess religions in the 14th century began to take on Northern ideas of aggression?

Part 2: Why do you think that castration became the new way to replace the idea of killing the king?

Part 3: Why do you think the Goddess religions would cause harm to the male counterparts in society?

(see the answer keys)

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