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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which Goddess is thought to be the inventor of agriculture, a healer, a physician, and a lawgiver?
(a) Nut
(b) Iris
(c) Isis
(d) Athena

2. Who is the Sumerian Queen of Heaven, according to historical scholars and to evidence from the time period?
(a) Inanna
(b) Astarte
(c) Hecate
(d) Isis

3. Klein suggests that home ownership in early societies makes _________ depend on __________.
(a) Males; females
(b) Males; males
(c) Females; females
(d) Females; males

4. Which Goddess is said to have created everything, including setting the Sun God Ra into the sky?
(a) Athena
(b) Nut
(c) Osiris
(d) Isis

5. The Code of _____________ shows that women retain some of their rights as the times begin to change.
(a) Ra
(b) Solomon
(c) Isis
(d) Hammurabi

Short Answer Questions

1. Females seem to invent not just agriculture, but also ______________, according to Stone's findings.

2. The female must suffer in pain in ____________ because of the fall of Adam and Eve, according to Stone.

3. Who were the darker skinned Goddess worshiping people who were seen to be culturally superior?

4. At some point, the Goddess acquires a male who becomes her lover or consort, but she retains _____________.

5. The Upper Paleolithic existence of the Goddess is speculative since it precedes ______________.

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the vanguard of the battle ax cultures, as Merlin Stone and others describe them.

2. Who is the Goddess Ninhursag, otherwise known as Ninmah?

3. What are some of the freedoms women in classical Greece still get access to?

4. What is the female deity of the time represented as when seem in pictures and in other works of art?

5. What are some of the rights women are given in the Code of Hammurabi?

6. What are some of the qualities attributed to the Goddess Isis, as found by Diodorus?

7. Why are Hebrew women supposed to be inferior to their neighbors, according to the Priest/archaeologist Roland de Vaux?

8. What do surviving documents seem to suggest about the writings of priestly scribes during the time of the battle ax warriors?

9. How does male dominance begin to creep into once female-ruled societies?

10. What does V. Klein have to say about the effect of female power on the society of the ancient times?

(see the answer keys)

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