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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When the pathos of God is upon a prophet what happens?

2. When talking about the inspiration for poetry, who says "One does not ask who gives."

3. If ecstasy were a requirement for a prophet, which prophets of the Old Testament would not have been classified as prophets?

4. What cultural/religious doctrines did Philo try to mix in his studies?

5. According to Heschel, the prophetic act takes place when the prophet is aware of what?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Heschel describe God?

2. Why does Heschel call indifference evil?

3. What is Democritus's view of poets and divine inspiration?

4. What is one difference between apathy and pathos, as explained by Heschel?

5. What is Heschel's theory of ecstasy and the prophets?

6. What was Spinoza's idea about the prophets and does Heschel agree?

7. Does Heschel say God always been considered a loving and good God?

8. Why does Heschel say Karma is opposed to prophetic thinking?

9. Describe one theory that Heschel discusses regarding prophets and their revelations from God.

10. Who was Marcion?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss prophetic inspiration. What is it? Compare/contrast at least three different explanations/definitions, including Heschel's. Which explanation do you agree with and why?

Essay Topic 2

Choose one of the following prophets: Amos, Hosea, Isaiah, Micah, Jeremiah, Habakkuk, and Second Isaiah. Discuss the prophet in detail, including who he is, where he came from, what he did, his prophecy, etc.

Essay Topic 3

How does Heschel explain God's wrath? How does he answer the objection of those who find it hard to understand how a righteous God can be angry? Is there a difference between anger and wrath, in terms of humans, and/or in terms of God? Should humans look at natural disasters as the wrath of God or as the power of God?

(see the answer keys)

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