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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who is the author of "An American Dilemma?"
(a) Benjamin Franklin
(b) Socrates
(c) Stephen Gould
(d) Gunnar Myrdal

2. Hume believed there was never a __________ nation that wasn't made of white men.
(a) conflict ridden
(b) useless
(c) productive
(d) civilized

3. What does Socrates believe all people should be?
(a) Leaders
(b) Educated
(c) Argumentative
(d) Honest

4. In America, the theory of polygeny was supported by Louis __________.
(a) Agassi
(b) Agassiz
(c) Hume
(d) Smith

5. What kinds of weaknesses is Gould looking to find in the arguments of other scientists presented in this book?
(a) Scientific
(b) Ethical
(c) Spiritual
(d) Psychological

6. Gould does not believe that ____________ change reflects changes in social concepts.
(a) racial
(b) cultural
(c) scientific
(d) biological

7. The argument of _______________ is the basis for believing that measuring the intelligence of an individual allows a measure of worth or value to be attached.
(a) biological determinism
(b) biological transfiguration
(c) biological destiny
(d) biological evolution

8. "We now encounter the second ____________ - ranking..."
(a) argument
(b) opinion
(c) piece
(d) fallacy

9. People with ______ had smaller brain sizes than those who were suddenly killed in accidents.
(a) diseases
(b) AIDS
(c) low iron
(d) children

10. What is the one category to which Socrates does NOT say people belong?
(a) Auxiliaries
(b) Peasants
(c) Craftsman
(d) Rules

11. "For the past two centuries, scientific claims have become the primary agent for validating Plato's ________."
(a) Story
(b) Argument
(c) Myth
(d) Life

12. Who were like white adolescents?
(a) Adult Mongolians
(b) White children
(c) Black children
(d) Adult blacks

13. According to Gould, Broca's studies were __________ by his choice of what to observe to provide that white brains were larger than black brains.
(a) complete
(b) biased
(c) truthful
(d) faulty

14. It is logical to assume that mentality and ____________ are located in the brain.
(a) intelligence
(b) spirit
(c) potential
(d) logic

15. What did Galton measure in order to ascertain the intelligence of people?
(a) Their wrist
(b) Their skull
(c) The space between their eyes
(d) Their leg length

Short Answer Questions

1. What kind of disease can cause the brain to diminish in size before death?

2. Louis Pierre Gratiolet wanted to prove that __________ brains were bigger than __________ brains.

3. What other kind of testing, besides head measurement, can begin to measure the intelligence of a person?

4. If inferiority is cultural, then it can be changed by __________ factors

5. What was Francis Galton's book published in 1869?

(see the answer keys)

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