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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. ____________ began with a drunken man hallucinating in a tavern. This religion later became affiliated with Mesmerism.

2. After teaching high school in Pennsylvania, John Dewey enrolled at _________ in 1882.

3. In January of 1861, Richard Hallowell hired Holmes as a body guard for __________.

4. _______ used his studies of Black Egyptian skulls to conclude that black people had always been slaves.

5. The Civil War caused the beliefs of previous times to be __________.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why were many of Henry's writings published for the public to see in books and in newspapers?

2. How was is said that Swedenborn created his religion, later becoming a religious leader?

3. What did Quetlet use the method of least squares for when he was doing his own research?

4. Why did William Henry Sr. always feel that he was at a disadvantage in his life?

5. What were the two occupations between which William James kept having troubles making up his mind?

6. Why did many of the Civil War soldiers felt their friends and family were dying during the war?

7. What happened with the job that Wright had with the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac?

8. What did the Civil War allow Congress to create as it became more active than any other time in history?

9. What are some examples of the ways that Ernest Holmes changed the tone of the Harvard Magazine as the editor?

10. What was based on a combination of the theory of probability and statistics?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Pierce decided he wanted to create a theory and a law of randomness which would contradict Darwin and Laplace's theories.

Part 1: Why do you think randomness is an important idea to study?

Part 2: Do you think the human behavior can be predicted with statistics? Why or why not?

Part 3: Do you believe the world has order or is everything completely random? Why?

Essay Topic 2

The disagreement with the idea of creationism and evolution began early on in educational discourse.

Part 1: Why do you think people clung so tightly to the story of creation?

Part 2: In what ways might creationism and evolutionary theory work together?

Part 3: Do you side with evolutionary thinkers or creationism thinkers? Why?

Essay Topic 3

The question of slavery is often one that is treated on moral grounds these days as opposed to the grounds on which it was judged before slavery was abolished.

Part 1: Why do you think some people believed that slavery was okay?

Part 2: Do you think slavery was a necessary evil for society to have during that time?

Part 3: Why do you think that slavery is still allowed in certain parts of the world today?

(see the answer keys)

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