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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. William James and Charles Pierce became friends while they were both attending ___________.
(a) Harvard University.
(b) Oxford University.
(c) Cambridge University.
(d) Lawrence Scientific School.

2. In 1897 _________ made a speech during a monument dedication to Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.
(a) William James.
(b) Charles Darwin.
(c) Louis Agassiz.
(d) Josiah Nott.

3. While in Brazil, ________ found the people there to be 'refined and gentlemanly' and had to reconsider previous beliefs.
(a) Louis Agassiz.
(b) Elizabeth Agassiz.
(c) George Glidden.
(d) William James.

4. ___________was a physician from Montgomery, Alabama that did not agree with slavery but was afraid of Black people.
(a) William James.
(b) Josiah Nott.
(c) George Glidden.
(d) Louis Agassiz.

5. _________ was able to integrate polygenism into the South by linking it to Christianity.
(a) Louis Agassiz.
(b) George Glidden.
(c) Josiah Nott.
(d) Samuel Cartwright.

6. What planet's discovery did Benjamin Pierce call 'a happy accident'
(a) Saturn.
(b) Pluto.
(c) Neptune.
(d) Jupiter.

7. The philosophy that began to emerge with the formation of the Metaphysical Club is known as_________.
(a) Pragmatism.
(b) Polygenism.
(c) Evolutionism.
(d) Monogenism.

8. _________ was Vermont Transcendentalism, a conservative transcendentalism that focuses on preserving institutions and systems.
(a) Pragmatism.
(b) Montpelier philosophy.
(c) Liberal individualism.
(d) Burlington philosophy.

9. After several political battles the school was administered by _________.
(a) John Wheelock.
(b) Native Americans.
(c) The original 12 member board of trustees.
(d) Eleazer Wheelock.

10. ____________ lobbied Congress to help create a National Academy of Science.
(a) Josiah Nott and Benjamin Pierce.
(b) Benjamin Pierce and Louis Agassiz.
(c) Charles Darwin and Louis Agassiz.
(d) Charles Pierce and Louis Agassiz.

11. Quetlet published several pieces that pointed to societal factors instead of biological factors. Which country in Europe were unsure of his work?
(a) England.
(b) Belgium.
(c) Germany.
(d) France.

12. Due to Henry James Sr.'s religious beliefs, his wife Mary Walsh had to resign her membership at the _________ church before their marriage.
(a) Presbyterian.
(b) Lutheran.
(c) Swedenborgian.
(d) Scottish Baptist.

13. When the expedition to Brazil returned, _________ gave lectures about evidence of the Ice Age in Brazil.
(a) Louis Agassiz.
(b) Charles Darwin.
(c) William James.
(d) Elisabeth Agassiz.

14. In 1854 __________ published a two-book set entitled Types of Mankind asserting the supremacy of the white race.
(a) Nott and Glidden.
(b) Nott and Agassiz.
(c) Agassiz and Glidden.
(d) Nott and James.

15. Louis Agassiz gained fame because of his discovery of _________.
(a) The Ice Age.
(b) The dinosaurs.
(c) Electrons.
(d) The wooly mammoth.

Short Answer Questions

1. Charles Pierce wrote about the Metaphysical Club _______ years after it took place.

2. Even though he had no formal education in either, ___________ taught psychology and philosophy at Harvard.

3. ___________ disliked immigration and created a society of married women who demanded their husbands pay for housecleaning.

4. Henry Dana, Charles Sumner and Charles Adams wanted to use the governmental system to stop the spread of slavery. They were _________.

5. ___________ felt that he was at a disadvantage because he had no formal education.

(see the answer keys)

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