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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. _________ states that the government is created by individuals for the purpose of protecting those individuals.
(a) Liberal Individualism.
(b) Conservative Individualism.
(c) Pragmatism.
(d) Transcendent Unity.

2. William James believed that there were always more solutions to a project than a single person could create, which led to the idea of ___________.
(a) Polytheism.
(b) Scientific Pluralism.
(c) Scientific Monism.
(d) Polygenism.

3. William James spent a great deal of time and energy on being indecisive, but he was able to use it to create the idea of _________.
(a) Separatism.
(b) Abolitionism.
(c) Antagonism.
(d) Pragmatism.

4. The Civil War caused the beliefs of previous times to be __________.
(a) Embraced.
(b) Promoted.
(c) Discredited.
(d) Respected.

5. The dominant political party during the time of the Civil War was ________.
(a) Republican Party.
(b) Democratic Party.
(c) Whig Party.
(d) Independent Party

6. After Holmes returned to the army following the Battle of Fredericksburg, there was a new regiment created of black volunteers, the __________.
(a) 45th Massachusetts.
(b) 54th Massachusetts.
(c) 57th Massachusetts.
(d) 59th Massachusetts.

7. ____________ began with a drunken man hallucinating in a tavern. This religion later became affiliated with Mesmerism.
(a) Catholicism.
(b) Swedenborgism.
(c) Protestantism.
(d) Scottish Baptism.

8. Louis Agassiz gained fame because of his discovery of _________.
(a) The dinosaurs.
(b) Electrons.
(c) The Ice Age.
(d) The wooly mammoth.

9. Henry James Sr. preached _________ and stated that there was no room for morality.
(a) Abstinence.
(b) Slavery as a virtue.
(c) Atheism.
(d) Free love.

10. __________ talked the Belgian government into building an observatory and sending him to Paris to get training.
(a) Adolph Quetlet.
(b) Henry Thomas Buckle.
(c) Joseph Fourier.
(d) Charles Pierce.

11. Agassiz wrote a letter to ________ stating that he had not found any real evidence of the Ice Age in South America.
(a) William James.
(b) Charles Darwin.
(c) Benjamin Pierce.
(d) Alonzo Potter.

12. Holmes' experiences during the war led him to believe that imposing one's beliefs would always lead to __________.
(a) Peace.
(b) Violence.
(c) Change.
(d) Slavery.

13. Whaling expeditions were often underwritten by agencies which were run by __________.
(a) Protestants.
(b) Quakers.
(c) Volunteers.
(d) Intellectuals.

14. Henry Sr. viewed _________ as he did everything, with a distrust of institutions.
(a) Education.
(b) Government.
(c) Religion.
(d) Military.

15. One member of the Metaphysical Club was Chauncy Wright also known as the local ____________.
(a) Socrates.
(b) Sophocles.
(c) Aristotle.
(d) Plato.

Short Answer Questions

1. Wright believed that ___________ is the difference between facts and values.

2. A land grant was received for the school that stipulated that it be run by __________.

3. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. was a(n) _________.

4. In 1897 _________ made a speech during a monument dedication to Colonel Robert Gould Shaw.

5. In the North, people were split between the Abolitionists and the _________.

(see the answer keys)

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