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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Greene suggests that black holes may be elementary particles that have undergone _____.
(a) A space-tearing flop transition.
(b) A phase transition.
(c) A mirror-symmetry folding.
(d) A quantum fluctuation.

2. The number of family groups corresponds to a feature of the Calabi-Yau shape. What is this feature?
(a) Its number of extended dimensions.
(b) Its number of folds.
(c) Its degree of internal divisions.
(d) Its number of holes.

3. What does the second law of thermodynamics state about entropy for a closed system?
(a) It always increases.
(b) It is conserved, and never changes.
(c) It varies with external temperature.
(d) It always decreases.

4. Which of the following is true regarding the tearing of space-time according to general relativity?
(a) A tear would destroy the universe.
(b) It can tear under special circumstances.
(c) It cannot tear.
(d) It is not known if space-time can tear.

5. At what scale of length is quantum geometry necessitated?
(a) The Planck length.
(b) Nanometers.
(c) Cosmological scales.
(d) The Riemann scale.

Short Answer Questions

1. About how long after the big bang were stars formed?

2. Why can the objects predicted by string theory not be observed?

3. What does the string coupling constant govern?

4. Which of the following will occur after the collapse of the universe as predicted by string theory?

5. Who first proposed the existence of extra dimensions?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the relationship between the elementary particles and the Calabi-Yau space?

2. In the context of the big bang, what is symmetry breaking?

3. Describe the big bang according to string theory.

4. Describe Kaluza-Klein theory.

5. What is the relative composition of matter in the universe?

6. What is the Calabi-Yau space?

7. What is the strong-weak duality?

8. What is a wormhole, and how is it formed?

9. How does a black hole's entropy change?

10. What is the major problem preventing string theory from gaining widespread acceptance, and why does this problem persist?

(see the answer keys)

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