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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who wrote the book "The Patriots"?
(a) Owen Biddle.
(b) Robert Munsford.
(c) Israel Williams.
(d) Jeremy Belknap.

2. What became a surrogate religion for colonial Americans suspicious of traditional Christianity?
(a) Agnosticism.
(b) Freemasonry.
(c) The Quaker religion.
(d) Civic organizations.

3. What was the population of America in 1810?
(a) 6 million.
(b) 7 million.
(c) 8 million.
(d) 5 million.

4. What did conservatives say caused the degeneration of standards that were tainting America?
(a) The Constitution.
(b) The French Revolution.
(c) The Federalists.
(d) Democracy.

5. In the late 1760s, who dismissed people's right to participate in government if they didn't have a liberal arts education?
(a) Abraham Bishop.
(b) George Warner.
(c) William Drayton.
(d) Matthew Lyon.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who wrote "The Religion of Nature Delineated"?

2. Who believed progress and social harmony would result from the enlightened conclusion of the new American society?

3. Who said that "Benevolence is the Cement and Support of . . . the Great Community of mankind"?

4. Who believed that each individual was responsible for his or her eternal salvation or damnation?

5. What defined modern politicians as "persons who have little, if any regard for the welfare of the republic unless immediately connected with . . . their own private pursuits"?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why were the American gentry alarmed at the desire of the common people to share in the conduct of the government?

2. On what precept was freemasonry organized?

3. What influence did George Washington exert at the Philadelphia Convention of 1787?

4. What does this quote mean? "Idolatry to Monarchs, and servility to Aristocratic Pride was never so totally eradicated from so many in so short a time."

5. Why was it impossible for Christianity to be the one means of unifying America at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries?

6. What did individual independence mean to revolutionaries?

7. Why have historians criticized John Hancock?

8. How did the numerous bankruptcies and financial collapses of the 1790s contribute to the democratization of America?

9. How did early Americans' views of the government change after the Revolution?

10. What was the Constitution of 1787 suppose to mitigate?

(see the answer keys)

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