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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What term in theoretical physics refers to an extension of string theory in which 11 dimensions of spacetime are identified?
(a) Planck theory.
(b) Big Bang theory.
(c) Space theory.
(d) M-theory.

2. The Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy was an argument between Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz over what?
(a) Who had first invented calculus.
(b) Who had first invented quantum mechanics.
(c) Who had first invented geometry.
(d) Who had first invented algebra.

3. What term refers to the production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen during the early phases of the universe?
(a) Quantum gravity.
(b) String theory.
(c) Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
(d) M-Theory.

4. In what year did Albert Einstein publish a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect, leading to the quantum revolution?
(a) 1926.
(b) 1918.
(c) 1905.
(d) 1942.

5. An electron has what kind of electric charge?
(a) Negative.
(b) Positive.
(c) Degenerative.
(d) Neutral.

Short Answer Questions

1. In physics or chemistry, what term refers to particles that are smaller than an atom?

2. According to the author in Chapter 5, “Infinite Zeros and Infidel Mathematicians,” Jean le Rond d'Alembert had satisfied the mathematician's need for what?

3. The Rayleigh–Jeans law agrees with experimental results at large wavelengths but strongly disagrees at short wavelengths. What is this inconsistency known as?

4. What term refers to a physical constant that is the quantum of action in quantum mechanics?

5. What term refers to an elementary particle, the quantum of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who was Carl Gauss? What discovery did he make regarding imaginary numbers?

2. How does the elimination of zero help general relativity theory, according to the author in Chapter 8, “Zero Hour at Ground Zero”?

3. How did Max Planck address the problem of the ultraviolet catastrophe?

4. What are differential equations? Who first developed differential equations?

5. What problems were encountered in calculus with zero? How did zero apply to the physical world, according to the author in Chapter 5, “Infinite Zeros and Infidel Mathematicians”?

6. What is expressed through the Rayleigh-Jeans law? How does this law relate to zero?

7. What does the author say thermodynamics has taught us in Chapter 7, “Absolute Zeros”?

8. Who created calculus? How did calculus differ from the other mathematical fields, according to the author in Chapter 5, “Infinite Zeros and Infidel Mathematicians”?

9. The author states in Chapter 6, “Infinity’s Twin” that before imaginary numbers could be accepted, several developments had to occur. Which was the first?

10. How are electrons described in Chapter 8, “Zero Hour at Ground Zero”?

(see the answer keys)

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