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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What term refers to a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers?
(a) Geometry.
(b) Classical physics.
(c) Number theory.
(d) Algebra.

2. When was Lord Kelvin born?
(a) 1915.
(b) 1798.
(c) 1898.
(d) 1824.

3. In the photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted from solids, liquids or gases when they do what?
(a) Absorb energy from light.
(b) Approach zero.
(c) Depict energy from light.
(d) Reflect energy from light.

4. Where was Lord Kelvin born?
(a) Paris, France.
(b) Belfast, Northern Ireland.
(c) London, England.
(d) New York, New York.

5. Who coined the term “fermion” in particle physics?
(a) Paul Dirac.
(b) Socrates.
(c) Filippo Brunelleschi.
(d) James Wilson.

Short Answer Questions

1. Bishop Berkeley was a philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called what?

2. What term refers to a physical constant that is the quantum of action in quantum mechanics?

3. Calculus allowed Newton to combine the known natural laws of physics into one grand set of laws that could be expressed as what?

4. When was Jean le Rond d'Alembert born?

5. A primary difficulty in the creation of a “Theory of Everything” is that most attempts to apply quantum mechanics to the gravitational field in the same way as for the electromagnetic field fails due to the breakdown of what?

Short Essay Questions

1. How are electrons described in Chapter 8, “Zero Hour at Ground Zero”?

2. What are differential equations? Who first developed differential equations?

3. Who created calculus? How did calculus differ from the other mathematical fields, according to the author in Chapter 5, “Infinite Zeros and Infidel Mathematicians”?

4. What problems were encountered in calculus with zero? How did zero apply to the physical world, according to the author in Chapter 5, “Infinite Zeros and Infidel Mathematicians”?

5. How old is the universe estimated to be by astronomers today? How did they calculate this age?

6. The author states in Chapter 6, “Infinity’s Twin” that before imaginary numbers could be accepted, several developments had to occur. Which was the first?

7. Who discovered “absolute zero”? How is absolute zero defined in Chapter 7, “Absolute Zeros”?

8. How did the field of quantum mechanics address the problem of zero in thermodynamics?

9. What problem do black holes present in physics, according to the author in Chapter 8, “Zero Hour at Ground Zero”?

10. What discovery did Georg Cantor make regarding different types of infinities? How are these types defined?

(see the answer keys)

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