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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In physics or chemistry, what term refers to particles that are smaller than an atom?
(a) Subatomic particles.
(b) Derivative particles.
(c) Static particles.
(d) Bionic particles.

2. Jean le Rond d'Alembert came up with what idea that solved the zero problem in calculus?
(a) An equation.
(b) A limit.
(c) A quanta.
(d) A derivative.

3. What kind of stars did the Hubble space telescope use to measure the size of the universe?
(a) Hypergiant stars.
(b) RR Lyrae stars.
(c) Cepheid stars.
(d) White dwarfs.

4. A primary difficulty in the creation of a “Theory of Everything” is that most attempts to apply quantum mechanics to the gravitational field in the same way as for the electromagnetic field fails due to the breakdown of what?
(a) Differential equations.
(b) The Golden Ratio.
(c) The gravitational pull.
(d) The renormalization procedure.

5. In quantum mechanics, the concept of de Broglie waves reflects what?
(a) The Big Bang Theory.
(b) The wave-particle duality of matter.
(c) The gravitational pull of the earth’s poles.
(d) The emergence of black holes.

6. In mathematics, the cardinality of a set is a measure of what?
(a) The number of possible derivatives of the set.
(b) The quantity of the number of the set combined.
(c) The number of elements of the set.
(d) The inverse quality of the set.

7. Newton's notation for differentiation uses what symbol placed over a function name to denote the time derivative of that function?
(a) A dot.
(b) An omega.
(c) An omicron.
(d) A line.

8. The Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy was an argument between Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz over what?
(a) Who had first invented calculus.
(b) Who had first invented quantum mechanics.
(c) Who had first invented algebra.
(d) Who had first invented geometry.

9. What principle holds that there is an inverse relation between the fineness with which a particular's location can be determined and the fineness with which its velocity can be determined?
(a) The Golden Ratio.
(b) The Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
(c) The Planck constant.
(d) The Pythagorean Theorem.

10. Bishop Berkeley was a philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called what?
(a) “The Golden Ratio.”
(b) “Calculus.”
(c) "Immaterialism."
(d) “String theory.”

11. Georg Cantor is best known as the inventor of what fundamental theory in mathematics?
(a) Set theory.
(b) String theory.
(c) Quantum theory.
(d) M-Theory.

12. When was Lord Kelvin born?
(a) 1798.
(b) 1898.
(c) 1824.
(d) 1915.

13. The mass of an electron is represented by what fraction in comparison with the mass of a proton?
(a) 1/360.
(b) 1/1836.
(c) 2/4569.
(d) 1/594.

14. Bosonic string theory was developed in what decade?
(a) 1960s.
(b) 1980s.
(c) 1890s.
(d) 1950s.

15. The author states in Chapter 6, “Infinity’s Twin” that Carl Gauss realized that real and imaginary numbers could be what?
(a) Divided by one another.
(b) Graphed together.
(c) Integrated into fractions.
(d) Multiplied by zero.

Short Answer Questions

1. The Rayleigh–Jeans law agrees with experimental results at large wavelengths but strongly disagrees at short wavelengths. What is this inconsistency known as?

2. What refers to an indeterminate polynomial equation that allows the variables to take integer values only?

3. In the photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted from solids, liquids or gases when they do what?

4. What term refers to the production of nuclei other than those of the lightest isotope of hydrogen during the early phases of the universe?

5. According to the author in Chapter 7, “Absolute Zeros,” thermodynamics led physicists to believe that light was not a particle but what?

(see the answer keys)

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