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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What refers to the mean obtained by taking the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of a set of nonzero numbers?
(a) Frechet mean.
(b) Mean of function.
(c) Power mean.
(d) Harmonic mean.

2. The word “Renaissance” derives from what meaning?
(a) Rebirth.
(b) Art.
(c) Beauty.
(d) Destruction.

3. According to the author in Chapter 2, “Nothing Comes of Nothing,” the ratio of zero to any number is what?
(a) 1.
(b) 3.
(c) ∞.
(d) 0.

4. What term refers to an argument that produces an inconsistency?
(a) Reprimand.
(b) Paradox.
(c) Quantization.
(d) Dividend.

5. The ancient Mayans used a numeral system that was based on what increment?
(a) 10.
(b) 5.
(c) 20.
(d) 3.

Short Answer Questions

1. Any number multiplied by zero equals what?

2. Pythagoreanism was a cult that greatly influenced what philosophical system?

3. Aristotle referred to Zeno of Elea as the inventor of what?

4. The House of Wisdom was based in Baghdad during what centuries?

5. The author states in Chapter 3, “Nothing Ventured” that Indian mathematicians first learned of zero from the Babylonians by way of what?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did zero enter into Indian mathematics, according to the author in Chapter 3, “Nothing Ventured”?

2. How does the concept of zero relate to the beliefs of Hinduism?

3. How did Filippo Brunelleschi introduce the concept of zero to the Italian Renaissance?

4. What results came about when Indian mathematicians began separating numbers from shapes, according to the author in Chapter 3, “Nothing Ventured”?

5. How did Aristotle approach the concept of zero, according to the author in Chapter 2, “Nothing Comes of Nothing”?

6. What Italian mathematician was responsible for the introduction of zero to Christianity and the Western world, according to the author in Chapter 3, “Nothing Ventured”?

7. How does the author describe the relationship between early Christianity and zero in Chapter 2, “Nothing Comes of Nothing”?

8. What mathematical developments was Pythagoras credited with in ancient Greece?

9. How does the author describe the ancient Greek and Roman mathematical systems in Chapter 1, “Nothing Doing”?

10. What theory was developed through Blaise Pascal’s mathematical approach to theology?

(see the answer keys)

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