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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following does James not identify as a quality of saintliness?
(a) Strength of the soul.
(b) Purity.
(c) Intelligence.
(d) Charity.

2. According to James, which of the following is not an essential element to religion?
(a) Intelligence.
(b) Sacrifice.
(c) Prayer.
(d) Confession.

3. James states purity arises from a sense of sensitivity to _________.
(a) Inconsistency.
(b) Purity.
(c) Ascetism.
(d) Happiness.

4. What does James describe as the champion's abstraction?
(a) Spiritualism.
(b) Atheism.
(c) Pantheism.
(d) Christianity.

5. According to James, the absence of something can lead to a sense of which of the following?
(a) Happiness.
(b) Unreality.
(c) Anger.
(d) Gratitude.

Short Answer Questions

1. James says that other theorists originate from what type of experience?

2. What does James identify as the "fruits" of religion?

3. James connects religious manifestation to ______________.

4. According to James, there are two ways of looking at the whole of the universe. What are these ways?

5. James says that the first way of looking at "To You" is in which position?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are the types of unity that James describes?

2. How is James' concept of philosophy different from your own?

3. What is radical empiricism?

4. What are James' essential elements to religion?

5. According to James, what drives human behavior?

6. Why does James believe that religion should be based on an individual level?

7. What does James says beliefs are based on? Do you agree?

8. How does James describe reasoning as a part of empiricism?

9. What does James believe prompts people to act?

10. Describe Fechner's approach to philosophy.

(see the answer keys)

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