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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What do geographers mean when they use the abbreviation "B.P."?
(a) Before the Present.
(b) Before the Pleistocene.
(c) Before the Past Era.
(d) Before the Postglacial Optimum.

2. How will Earth's population in the year 2015 compare with Earth's population in "the year without a summer"?
(a) Earth had seven times more people that year than it does now.
(b) Earth will have about the same number of people in 2015 as it did then.
(c) Earth will have seven times more people than it did then.
(d) Earth will have double the number of people in 2015 than it did then.

3. Which of the following is one of the characteristics of a nation-state?
(a) A people who speak the same language but live in different countries.
(b) A people who wander from place to place as nomads.
(c) A territory that exists within boundaries that can be drawn on a map.
(d) A territory that is governed by several allied governments.

4. What caused the second Agricultural Revolution?
(a) The need to find ways to produce more crops to feed starving people.
(b) The influx of technology brought back by merchants from China.
(c) The cultural exchange brought about by colonialism.
(d) The warm weather that was perfect for farming.

5. What causes the drift of Earth's continents?
(a) The Moon's gravity.
(b) Ocean currents and tides.
(c) Ice Ages.
(d) Plate tectonics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who formulated a grid that is still used to make map projections of the world?

2. How long have people been making maps?

3. Which of the following countries does de Blij think will play an important role in the new world order?

4. What event caused Earth's most recent mass extinction?

5. What were the first modern humans called?

Short Essay Questions

1. Explain why Earth's continents drift. What theory explains this process?

2. What caused the "year without a summer"?

3. Why is it a problem for Europe's population to decline?

4. How were the locations of colony boundaries in Africa determined?

5. What is the Exclusive Economic Zone?

6. How did the global warming trend that began 18,000 years ago affect Earth?

7. What was the world like when the nation-state was emerging?

8. How has the Moon's position in Earth's sky changed since Earth's early years?

9. How do scientists think that Earth might have acquired its oceans?

10. How do mass extinctions on Earth usually occur?

(see the answer keys)

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