1. What technological development revolutionized cartography?
(a) The invention of the airplane.
(b) The invention of the ruler.
(c) The invention of the printing press.
(d) The invention of the compass.

2. What country did Afghan refugees flee to when the Soviet Union withdrew from Afghanistan?
(a) Tajikistan.
(b) Turkmenistan.
(c) Pakistan.
(d) Kazakhstan.

3. What did H.J. Mackinder argue in what de Blij calls the "most often cited article in geography"?
(a) That the next superpower would be the United States.
(b) That the next superpower would be a Eurasian land-based country.
(c) That the next superpower would have nuclear weapons.
(d) That the next superpower would be from east Asia.

4. What treaty, signed by Italy, France, West Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg in 1957, created the European Economic Community?
(a) The Treaty of Versailles.
(b) The Treaty of Maastricht.
(c) The Treaty of Rome.
(d) The Treaty of Brussels.

5. What problem has historically been an issue between Canada and the United States?
(a) Immigration.
(b) Acid rain.
(c) Fishing rights.
(d) Mining.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Gilbert Grosvenor , the grandson of the National Geographic Society's 1950 president, do to improve geographic literacy in the United States?

2. How long has the European unification movement been underway?

3. How did the Little Ice Age affect Europe?

4. If Earth's population keeps growing at the present rate, how high will it be by the year 2035?

5. Why does de Blij feel that American students need to study geography?

(see the answer key)

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