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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did the nation-state emerge in Europe?
(a) Between 1450 and 1550.
(b) Between 1250 and 1450.
(c) Between 1650 and 1850.
(d) Between 1850 and 1950.

2. When did the coldest part of the Little Ice Age occur?
(a) Between 1610 and 1650.
(b) Between 1750 and 1800.
(c) Between 1580 and 1610.
(d) Between 1675 and 1735.

3. How do geographers look at the world, according to de Blij?
(a) Structurally.
(b) Spatially.
(c) Chronologically.
(d) Temporally.

4. What problem has historically been an issue between Canada and the United States?
(a) Mining.
(b) Immigration.
(c) Fishing rights.
(d) Acid rain.

5. What had to happen before Earth's land masses could form?
(a) Earth's crust had to begin to cool into rock.
(b) The oceans had to form.
(c) The Moon had to begin orbiting Earth.
(d) Life had to begin to evolve.

6. What does a geostationary satellite do?
(a) It sends data to GPS devices in cars.
(b) It produces maps of changing weather conditions.
(c) It can discern features of tiny objects on Earth's surface.
(d) It remains stationary over a particular point on Earth's surface.

7. How will Earth's population in the year 2015 compare with Earth's population in "the year without a summer"?
(a) Earth will have seven times more people than it did then.
(b) Earth will have about the same number of people in 2015 as it did then.
(c) Earth will have double the number of people in 2015 than it did then.
(d) Earth had seven times more people that year than it does now.

8. How does de Blij suggest that you give directions if you do not know which way is north, south, east, or west?
(a) He suggests giving directions based on landmarks.
(b) He suggests using global positioning software.
(c) He suggests giving directions based on an analog clock face.
(d) He suggests drawing a map to use as a reference.

9. What did Gilbert Grosvenor , the grandson of the National Geographic Society's 1950 president, do to improve geographic literacy in the United States?
(a) He began writing books about geography for children.
(b) He founded a map publishing company.
(c) He traveled the country giving seminars in public schools.
(d) He raised money for geography education and testified in Congress.

10. What population problem is facing European countries?
(a) A high ratio of retired to employed people.
(b) A high rate of population growth.
(c) A high infant mortality rate.
(d) A high rate of immigration from other countries.

11. What kind of a map did Vladimir Koppen devise?
(a) A map that showed lines of latitude and longitude.
(b) A map that showed the movements of glaciers.
(c) A map that showed climate regions.
(d) A map that showed political boundaries.

12. What kind of location must be given in degrees, minutes, and seconds of longitude and latitude?
(a) Absolute location.
(b) Relative location.
(c) Prime meridian location.
(d) USGS location.

13. What job does de Blij say should not have been eliminated by government budget cuts?
(a) Government cartographer.
(b) Ambassador to foreign countries.
(c) Congressional aide.
(d) Geographic attache.

14. What do geographers analyze using the gravity model?
(a) Current events.
(b) The history of Earth.
(c) Interaction between cities.
(d) Plate tectonics.

15. What causes the drift of Earth's continents?
(a) Plate tectonics.
(b) Ice Ages.
(c) The Moon's gravity.
(d) Ocean currents and tides.

Short Answer Questions

1. How did the Little Ice Age affect Europe?

2. About what percentage of American students have studied geography in school?

3. Why does de Blij say that it is problematic for urban areas to continue to expand?

4. Which of the following countries adds nine or ten million people to the world's population every year?

5. Why has the United States been so slow to convert maps to the metric system?

(see the answer keys)

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