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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Nixon’s appointments to what worked to roll back civil rights successes?
(a) Department of Education.
(b) NYPD.
(c) Congress.
(d) Supreme Court.

2. What landmark Supreme Court case in Arkansas ruled that Brown must be obeyed?
(a) Rock v. Little.
(b) Cooper v. Aaron.
(c) George v. Smith.
(d) Howard v. Walters.

3. William Bradford Reynold, Assistant General Attorney for civil right under Reagan, worked to dismantle what final alternative to desegregate schools?
(a) Increasing property taxes.
(b) Relocation.
(c) Busing.
(d) Freedom of choice.

4. In what year was Brown v. Board of Education passed?
(a) 1927.
(b) 1954.
(c) 1965.
(d) 1984.

5. In response to Cooper v. Aaron, the Governor of Arkansas did what to public schools?
(a) Segregated them.
(b) Integrated them.
(c) Opened them.
(d) Closed them.

Short Answer Questions

1. Which tax supports public school education?

2. When the Fourth Circuit Ruled that schools must integrate by 1959, county supervisors did what to divert money from public schools?

3. What 1986 Act passed by Congress enacted mandatory sentencing in for drug offenses?

4. What was one method used to integrate schools?

5. According to Anderson, quality education can do what for people?

Short Essay Questions

1. After Brown, how did some Southern states attempt to weaken the NAACP’s impact?

2. In what ways does Anderson say the new drug laws under Reagan disproportionately impact African Americans?

3. When did Brown v. Board of Education pass? What did it declare? What prominent attorney backed this legislation and why?

4. How did Nixon and others during his presidency try to redefine racism?

5. What was the NAACP? What was it trying to do at the start of Chapter 3, according to Anderson?

6. What was the National Defense of Education Act? Why was it written? Name a key player involved in its implementation. Did this person believe in equal education for all?

7. What was the Black Panther Party? When was it formed and what made it different from the previous methods of the civil rights movement?

8. What Russian event sparked Americans to reevaluate their education system? Who was President at this time and how did he react?

9. What events led to the Civil Rights Act?

10. What was the history of discriminatory practices in regards to African Americans and the vote prior to the Voting Rights Act?

(see the answer keys)

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