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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In 1949, what governor proposed an amendment that would send money to private white schools and get rid of public schools?
(a) Plessy Ferguson.
(b) Herman Talmage.
(c) Herman Melville.
(d) Carol Anderson.

2. What group worked to overturn Jim Crow laws in the 1930s?
(a) CIA.
(b) YMCA.
(c) AARP.
(d) NAACP.

3. By 1969, what percent of Prince Edward County schools were Black?
(a) 98%.
(b) 25%.
(c) 10%.
(d) 56%.

4. Which Arkansas Congressman believed that school desegregation cases were based on the work of communists?
(a) Eugene Cook.
(b) Franklin Frazier.
(c) James O. Eastland.
(d) Ezekiel Gathings.

5. Who was president when Sputnik was launched?
(a) Dwight D. Eisenhower.
(b) Lyndon B. Johnson.
(c) John F. Kennedy.
(d) Donald J. Trump.

6. Which attorney argued in favor of Brown v. Board?
(a) Thurgood Marshall.
(b) Strom Thurman.
(c) Marshall Thurman.
(d) Marshal Thomas.

7. William Bradford Reynold, Assistant General Attorney for civil right under Reagan, worked to dismantle what final alternative to desegregate schools?
(a) Busing.
(b) Increasing property taxes.
(c) Relocation.
(d) Freedom of choice.

8. What does NDEA stand for?
(a) National Defense of Education Act.
(b) National Distribution of Education Allocation.
(c) National Defense of Educational Autonomy.
(d) Natural Disaster Efforts Association.

9. People began to see America’s educational struggles as a direct result of what?
(a) Brown v. Board.
(b) The Emancipation Proclamation.
(c) Southern Manifesto.
(d) Jim Crow laws.

10. According to Anderson, quality education can do what for people?
(a) Improve health outcomes, break the cycle of poverty, and improve housing conditions.
(b) Break the cycle of poverty.
(c) Improve housing conditions.
(d) Improve health outcomes.

11. In 1970, what act was renewed for another five years?
(a) The Voting Rights Act.
(b) The Freedom Act.
(c) The Civil Rights Act.
(d) The Equality Opportunity Act.

12. In what year was Brown v. Board of Education passed?
(a) 1927.
(b) 1965.
(c) 1954.
(d) 1984.

13. Due to the resistance in both the North and South to integrating schools, Congress had to pass what law?
(a) The Southern School Integration Act.
(b) Brown v. Board II.
(c) The Southern Manifesto.
(d) The Homestead Act.

14. What “top secret” report “detailed America’s descent into a second-class power”?
(a) The Gaither Report.
(b) The Johnson Report.
(c) The Garland Report.
(d) The Eisenhower Report.

15. What powerful force did Blacks use to expose to the world how they have been treated?
(a) The media.
(b) The Internet.
(c) Email campaigns.
(d) Social Media.

Short Answer Questions

1. What organizing founded in 1966 believed in self-defense rather than non-violence?

2. In 1957, Milwaukee instituted busing, but kept Blacks and whites in separate what?

3. The objective of the White Citizens Council that sprang up throughout the South was to do what?

4. After the Supreme Court handed down two rulings requiring schools to reopen, what method of keeping schools segregated was employed?

5. According to Anderson, what happened to Brown after the signing the Southern Manifesto?

(see the answer keys)

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