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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. How long does Eirik spend exploring Greenland?

2. Which of the following best describes Bjarni?

3. Where do the men bury Thorvald?

4. What does Aud do to the men that she brings to Iceland?

5. What arrangement does Freydis have with the brothers Helgi and Finnbogi?

Short Essay Questions

1. What strategy do Leif and his men employ to explore the area around them on this new shore?

2. How long does Thorvald spend in Vinland, and what are his primary activities while he is there? Give details.

3. What circumstances caused Eirik the Red to leave Iceland?

4. Describe the interactions the settlers have with the natives.

5. What does the saga of Gudrid's Ancestry tell us about Aud's faith and what she does to practice it?

6. Explain who Aud brings to Iceland with her, who they were, and what happened once they arrived in Iceland.

7. What do we know about the emigration from Iceland to Greenland?

8. Describe how Eirik the Red felt about the possibility of joining Leif's exploration crew and why he did not.

9. What happens between the natives and Thorvald and his crew? Describe the encounter.

10. Why is Bjarni away when his father emigrates to Greenland?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What are the Icelandic Sagas?

Part 1. What are the Icelandic Sagas? When were they written and by whom?

Part 2. Why are the Icelandic Sagas important historically? What do we know from them?

Part 3. Summarize and analyze the content of the Vinland sagas.

Essay Topic 2

Eirik the Red and his sons explored a considerable amount of new land. Write an essay about the family that may have been the first Europeans to discover America.

Part 1. What lands were Eirik the Red and his sons the first Europeans to discover and explore?

Part 2. Each of the four of the explorers had a different motivation for their exploration. What was the motivation of each and how did they differ from one another?

Part 3. There are descriptions of Eirik, Leif, Thorvald, and Thorstein in the sagas. What were they like? Is there evidence to suggest how they get along together?

Essay Topic 3

The Vinland Sagas are about the Vikings. Write an essay about Vikings.

Part 1. Who were the Vikings? When and where did they live?

Part 2. What were the Vikings famous and feared for? What were they like as a people and how did they survive? What did they accomplish?

Part 3.What records do we have about the Vikings? Discuss both the sagas and the archeological record.

Part 4. How did the Vikings leave their mark on the world?

(see the answer keys)

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