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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What term from the book refers to a political leader in a democracy who appeals to the emotions, prejudices, and ignorance of the less-educated citizens in order to gain power and promote political motives?

2. When did Richard Bellingham arrive in Massachusetts?

3. Where had Roger Williams studied divinity?

4. At the first meeting summoned by Winthrop in Charlestown, how many assistants were present, in addition to himself and Thomas Dudley?

5. What ordinance was exercised by Winthrop and his assistants regarding firearms and the Indians, according to the author in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government”?

Short Essay Questions

1. What problems arose in the Massachusetts colony as a result of the outbreak of the English Civil War?

2. When was the “Body of Liberties” adopted in Massachusetts? What did this document contain?

3. Why did John Winthrop want to retire from government in 1640, according to the author in Chapter 12: “New England or Old”?

4. What decision did John Winthrop make regarding the English Civil War? Why?

5. Where did Roger Williams go when he left Plymouth? Where did he begin a church and start to gain power, according to the author in Chapter 9: “Separation Unleashed”?

6. What type of government did the Massachusetts Bay Company charter entitle the officers to establish for the colony, according to the author in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government”?

7. What did the Massachusetts Bay Company charter grant in terms of the establishment of a government for the colony, according to the author in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government”?

8. When did Roger Williams come to New England? How was his arrival in the colony described in Chapter 9: “Separation Unleashed”?

9. What led up to the banishment of Reverend Wheelwright, according to the author in Chapter 10: “Seventeenth-Century Nihilism”?

10. What ordinance does the author describe Nathaniel Ward as having introduced in Chapter 11: “The New England Way”?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe John Winthrop’s education. What role did John’s father play in the academic world? How privileged was John Winthrop in his pursuit of higher education at his time historically? Where did John Winthrop study? What did he study?

Essay Topic 2

Describe and analyze the system of elections established by John Winthrop and the other leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. What influenced these leaders to adopt a system of voting for leadership? How did these systems find their way into what would eventually become the United States system of government? What was innovative about the electoral system adopted?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the origins and history of Presbyterianism and Congregationalism. How did each of these sects branch off from the Anglican Church? When did each appear? How did Presbyterian societies and settlements differ from those that were principally Congregational?

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