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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The author states in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government,” that when Winthrop and eleven other members of the Massachusetts Bay Company met “on August 26, 1629, they agreed to go to New England if the charter and headquarters of the company could be transferred with them.” How many of the twelve kept their pledge, arriving with Winthrop or shortly after?

2. What term from Chapter 10: “Seventeenth-Century Nihilism” refers to one who holds that under the gospel, dispensation of grace is of no use or obligation because faith alone is necessary to salvation”?

3. What was the name of Anne Hutchinson’s brother-in-law that was a minister whom she admired?

4. According to the king’s charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company, it was ordained that the freemen of the company were to elect a governor, deputy governor, and how many “assistants” every year?

5. The amount of debts that John Winthrop ended up with as a result of James Luxford’s actions was how much, according to the author in Chapter 12: “New England or Old”?

Short Essay Questions

1. How was Winthrop’s system of elections established, according to the author in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government”? On what grounds was this system established?

2. What type of government did the Massachusetts Bay Company charter entitle the officers to establish for the colony, according to the author in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government”?

3. When was the “Body of Liberties” adopted in Massachusetts? What did this document contain?

4. What was the impact of the dispute between John Winthrop and the representatives regarding the stipulations of the charter, as seen in Chapter 8: “Leniency Rebuked”?

5. What ordinance does the author describe Nathaniel Ward as having introduced in Chapter 11: “The New England Way”?

6. What were John Winthrop’s feelings about Roger Williams, according to the author in Chapter 9: “Separation Unleashed”?

7. When did Roger Williams come to New England? How was his arrival in the colony described in Chapter 9: “Separation Unleashed”?

8. How does the author describe the changes in the colony during the years when John Winthrop was overthrown as governor in Chapter 9: “Separation Unleashed”?

9. What did the Massachusetts Bay Company charter grant in terms of the establishment of a government for the colony, according to the author in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government”?

10. What were the faults of John Endecott and Thomas Dudley as legislators, according to the author in Chapter 8: “Leniency Rebuked”?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe John Winthrop’s education. What role did John’s father play in the academic world? How privileged was John Winthrop in his pursuit of higher education at his time historically? Where did John Winthrop study? What did he study?

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the figure of John Endecott. What was Endecott’s role in the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? When did John Endecott depart for Massachusetts? Who joined Endecott? What was Endecott’s purpose in arriving prior to the wave of settlers?

Essay Topic 3

Describe and analyze the system of elections established by John Winthrop and the other leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. What influenced these leaders to adopt a system of voting for leadership? How did these systems find their way into what would eventually become the United States system of government? What was innovative about the electoral system adopted?

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