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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What individual that later became a leading figure in Connecticut is said to have grown “into passion and said, that then we should have no government, but there would be an interim, wherein every man might do what he pleased” in Chapter 8: “Leniency Rebuked”?

2. In what year was Richard Bellingham first elected as governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

3. The author states in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government,” that when Winthrop and eleven other members of the Massachusetts Bay Company met “on August 26, 1629, they agreed to go to New England if the charter and headquarters of the company could be transferred with them.” How many of the twelve kept their pledge, arriving with Winthrop or shortly after?

4. Which of John Winthrop’s sons settled in Ipswich?

5. What was Cambridge, Massachusetts called during the first winter when the colonists decided to build their houses there in 1630?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does the author describe the changes in the colony during the years when John Winthrop was overthrown as governor in Chapter 9: “Separation Unleashed”?

2. When did Roger Williams come to New England? How was his arrival in the colony described in Chapter 9: “Separation Unleashed”?

3. How does the author describe Anne Hutchinson’s Antinomian beliefs in Chapter 10: “Seventeenth-Century Nihilism”?

4. Why did John Winthrop want to retire from government in 1640, according to the author in Chapter 12: “New England or Old”?

5. How is the Reverend John Cotton described in Chapter 10: “Seventeenth-Century Nihilism”? What was Cotton’s relationship to Anne Hutchinson?

6. How was Winthrop’s system of elections established, according to the author in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government”? On what grounds was this system established?

7. What led up to the banishment of Reverend Wheelwright, according to the author in Chapter 10: “Seventeenth-Century Nihilism”?

8. Where did Roger Williams go when he left Plymouth? Where did he begin a church and start to gain power, according to the author in Chapter 9: “Separation Unleashed”?

9. When did Anne and William Hutchinson arrive in New England? How does the author describe them in Chapter 10: “Seventeenth-Century Nihilism”?

10. What was innovative and potentially controversial about the system of government established by Winthrop and his associates, according to the author in Chapter 7: “A Due Form of Government”?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe the biography, work, and beliefs of Thomas Dudley. What was Dudley’s role in the governing body of the Massachusetts Colony? What led to the animosity between Dudley and Winthrop? How did this rivalry affect government and government policy in the colony?

Essay Topic 2

Define “Arminianism” and “Calvinism” and discuss the histories of each In what ways were these belief systems similar? How did they differ? Who was John Calvin? When did Calvin publish The Institutes of the Christian Religion? How did this publication change religion in Europe?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the reign of King Charles I and Charles’s influence on the religious atmosphere of England. How did Charles view Catholicism? What was Charles’s lineage? What was disliked about his marriage to the Princess of France?

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