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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where was land first sighted aboard the ships of John Winthrop, according to the author in Chapter 5: “Survival”?

2. What was the name of John and Margaret Winthrop’s youngest son that stayed with Margaret when John Winthrop first set out for New England?

3. The Charter of the Virginia Company of London was an English joint stock company established by royal charter by whom?

4. The author says of Winthrop in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place” that he “did not aim at power for the sake of power, but he longed to” do what?

5. In what year did the English navy defeat the Spanish Armada, ensuring that the Catholic Church could not recapture England?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does the author describe John Winthrop’s education in Chapter 1: “The Taming of the Heart”? When did John Winthrop leave school and marry?

2. What immediate obstacles did the Massachusetts Bay colonists face upon arrival in the New World, according to the author in Chapter 5: “Survival”?

3. How did the travels of John Winthrop’s sons influence his opinions of settlement in the New World, according to the author in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place”?

4. How did the Puritans of the late 16th and early 17th Centuries feel about the state of the government in England, according to the author in Chapter 2: “Evil and Declining Times”?

5. How did the members of the Massachusetts Bay Company perceive the charter when they were told about it in Chapter 4: “The Way to a New England”? Why?

6. What influenced John Winthrop to compose documents regarding the immigration effort, according to the author in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place”?

7. How does the author describe the journey of John Winthrop’s fleet in Chapter 5: “Survival”? Where did the fleet cast anchor in America?

8. How does the author describe the popular perception of colonization of the New World during the 1620s in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place”?

9. What was the Puritan relationship with Parliament in England, according to the author in Chapter 2: “Evil and Declining Times”?

10. When and where was John Winthrop born? What important event took place in the year Winthrop was born, according to the author in Chapter 1: “The Taming of the Heart”?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe and discuss the rituals of marriage and courtship during the early 1600s. How frequently were marriages arranged? How did religious belief play a role in the marriage process? How are the customs of the day illustrated through John Winthrop’s first two marriages?

Essay Topic 2

Describe and discuss the freedoms granted by the Massachusetts Bay Colony charter regarding the establishment of government in the settlement. What did the charter stipulate in terms of meetings of the governing body? How was “government” defined in terms of the legislative, judicial, and executive branches we have today?

Essay Topic 3

Describe and discuss the Arbella and the voyage of John Winthrop’s fleet to New England. How many ships were in the fleet? How many passengers? What other provisions were provided? Where did the passengers eat and sleep? How many died on the voyage?

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