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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. On what date did John Winthrop’s ships pass the Isles of Shoals, where a ship lay at anchor, upon arriving in the New World?

2. What was the name of John Winthrop’s younger sister who married Emmanuel Downing?

3. What was the profession of Adam Winthrop prior to his purchase of the confiscated monastery at Bury St. Edmunds in Suffolk?

4. How many years before John Winthrop’s arrival in the New World had Samuel Maverick arrived with his bride and built a house?

5. On what date did John Winthrop write home to Margaret from London about the prospect of moving to New England, saying, “If the Lord seeth it wil be good for us, he will provide a shelter and a hidinge place for us and ours”?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did the travels of John Winthrop’s sons influence his opinions of settlement in the New World, according to the author in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place”?

2. How did the Puritans of the late 16th and early 17th Centuries feel about the state of the government in England, according to the author in Chapter 2: “Evil and Declining Times”?

3. How does the author describe the beliefs of the Puritans when John Winthrop converted in Chapter 1: “The Taming of the Heart”?

4. How does the author describe the popular perception of colonization of the New World during the 1620s in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place”?

5. How is John Winthrop’s family described in Chapter 1: “The Taming of the Heart”? What was John’s father’s profession?

6. What various problems did John Winthrop address as leader of the colonists after their arrival, according to the author in Chapter 5: “Survival”?

7. How does the author describe the beliefs of Charles I in Chapter 2: “Evil and Declining Times”? How is Arminianism described?

8. How did John Winthrop’s views of the English government change during the late 1610s and early 1620s, according to the author in Chapter 2: “Evil and Declining Times”?

9. What “technical oversight” allowed the Massachusetts Bay Company greater freedom from the crown, according to the author in Chapter 4: “The Way to a New England”?

10. How does the author describe John Winthrop’s education in Chapter 1: “The Taming of the Heart”? When did John Winthrop leave school and marry?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe the biography, work, and beliefs of Thomas Dudley. What was Dudley’s role in the governing body of the Massachusetts Colony? What led to the animosity between Dudley and Winthrop? How did this rivalry affect government and government policy in the colony?

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the origins and history of Presbyterianism and Congregationalism. How did each of these sects branch off from the Anglican Church? When did each appear? How did Presbyterian societies and settlements differ from those that were principally Congregational?

Essay Topic 3

Describe and discuss the rituals of marriage and courtship during the early 1600s. How frequently were marriages arranged? How did religious belief play a role in the marriage process? How are the customs of the day illustrated through John Winthrop’s first two marriages?

(see the answer keys)

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