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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where did John Winthrop set up his headquarters when he moved the colony into the bay, according to the narrator in Chapter 5: “Survival”?

2. The author notes in Chapter 6: “A Special Commission” that Winthrop soon discovered that the “misdirected zeal” of some of the colonists indicated “that he faced a far more difficult problem to control the good than” to do what?

3. The charter granted to the New England Company in 1628 authorized the company to settle and govern the area from three miles south of the Charles River to what location?

4. In what year did John Winthrop’s first wife, Mary Forth Winthrop, die?

5. In what year did Adam Winthrop purchase the confiscated monastery at Bury St. Edmunds in Suffolk?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did John Winthrop’s views of the English government change during the late 1610s and early 1620s, according to the author in Chapter 2: “Evil and Declining Times”?

2. How does the author describe the beliefs of Charles I in Chapter 2: “Evil and Declining Times”? How is Arminianism described?

3. How did the travels of John Winthrop’s sons influence his opinions of settlement in the New World, according to the author in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place”?

4. How did the Massachusetts Bay colonists begin the process of settling after their arrival, according to the author in Chapter 5: “Survival”?

5. What various problems did John Winthrop address as leader of the colonists after their arrival, according to the author in Chapter 5: “Survival”?

6. How does the author describe the popular perception of colonization of the New World during the 1620s in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place”?

7. How does the author describe the Puritans’ perception of sin and the punishment of sin in the New World in Chapter 6: “A Special Commission”?

8. What “technical oversight” allowed the Massachusetts Bay Company greater freedom from the crown, according to the author in Chapter 4: “The Way to a New England”?

9. When and where was John Winthrop born? What important event took place in the year Winthrop was born, according to the author in Chapter 1: “The Taming of the Heart”?

10. What did Puritanism mean to John Winthrop in the 1610s and 1620s? How did his beliefs influence his actions, according to the author in Chapter 1: “The Taming of the Heart”?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Analyze and discuss John Winthrop’s inner conflicts regarding colonization in the New World. What did Winthrop see as the positive elements of leaving England? What were the negative elements of the colonization to Winthrop? How did the interest of Emmanuel Downing influence Winthrop’s position?

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the origins and history of Presbyterianism and Congregationalism. How did each of these sects branch off from the Anglican Church? When did each appear? How did Presbyterian societies and settlements differ from those that were principally Congregational?

Essay Topic 3

Define “Arminianism” and “Calvinism” and discuss the histories of each In what ways were these belief systems similar? How did they differ? Who was John Calvin? When did Calvin publish The Institutes of the Christian Religion? How did this publication change religion in Europe?

(see the answer keys)

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