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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what famous sermon by John Winthrop, delivered en route to Massachusetts, did he first apply the phrase “City upon a Hill” to the founding of America?

2. On what date did John Winthrop’s ships pass the Isles of Shoals, where a ship lay at anchor, upon arriving in the New World?

3. What does the author say “was responsible for suppressing heresy as well as drunkenness and theft and murder” in Chapter 6: “A Special Commission”?

4. What was the name of the estate that Adam Winthrop purchased as a confiscated monastery at Bury St. Edmunds in Suffolk?

5. What was the name of the flagship of the Winthrop Fleet that sailed to the New World?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did Puritanism mean to John Winthrop in the 1610s and 1620s? How did his beliefs influence his actions, according to the author in Chapter 1: “The Taming of the Heart”?

2. How does the author describe the contents of John Winthrop’s documents regarding settlement in the New World in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place”?

3. What official statement did John Winthrop’s party pen prior to their departure, according to the author in Chapter 4: “The Way to a New England”?

4. What immediate obstacles did the Massachusetts Bay colonists face upon arrival in the New World, according to the author in Chapter 5: “Survival”?

5. How does the author describe the beliefs of the Puritans when John Winthrop converted in Chapter 1: “The Taming of the Heart”?

6. How did John Winthrop perceive the growing corruption within the English government, according to the author in Chapter 2: “Evil and Declining Times”?

7. What arguments did the Massachusetts Bay Company make regarding settlement in the New World in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place”?

8. In what ways did John Winthrop exhibit tolerance as a leader in New England, according to the author in Chapter 6: “A Special Commission”?

9. How does the author describe the popular perception of colonization of the New World during the 1620s in Chapter 3: “A Shelter and a Hiding Place”?

10. How does the author describe John Winthrop’s education in Chapter 1: “The Taming of the Heart”? When did John Winthrop leave school and marry?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Define “Arminianism” and “Calvinism” and discuss the histories of each In what ways were these belief systems similar? How did they differ? Who was John Calvin? When did Calvin publish The Institutes of the Christian Religion? How did this publication change religion in Europe?

Essay Topic 2

Discuss the origins and history of Presbyterianism and Congregationalism. How did each of these sects branch off from the Anglican Church? When did each appear? How did Presbyterian societies and settlements differ from those that were principally Congregational?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the social, economic, and career elements of John Winthrop’s life in London in his twenties and thirties. How does the author characterize Winthrop’s one year of marriage to his second wife? When did John marry Margaret Tyndal? Why did her family initially oppose the marriage?

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