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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. By 1950, what was the primary fuel source in America?

2. Who set up the Eastern and General Syndicate to develop business opportunities in the Middle East?

3. Between 1911 and 1918, oil consumption rose how much in the United States?

4. What remained important in finding oil in the 1920s?

5. Which other country provided oil for Japan in the early 1930s?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who was Ibn Saud? Why did he become involved in the oil industry?

2. How did the oil companies become involved in the Middle East? Who was involved in the beginning negotiations?

3. How was Standard Oil formed? Who was involved in this venture?

4. What are the war years called? Why are they called this?

5. Describe the beginning of the oil industry in Mexico. Why did Mexico cease to be a large oil producer?

6. What occurred in the oil industry after WWI in the United States? What was the Mineral Leasing Act of 1920?

7. What are rents? How does this apply to oil?

8. Describe the exploration for oil that took place as Pennsylvania became depleted? Where was oil found?

9. What was one of most extraordinary engineering feats of WWII? Why was this done?

10. Into what areas did Standard Oil expand? What was its place in oil production?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What were Hitler's goals in his aggression toward Russia? Why was he motivated to attack Russia? What did he hope to gain? Was Hitler's campaign successful in Russia? Why or why not? What influenced the outcome?

Essay Topic 2

Yergin makes the point that cheap gas and oil transformed American society in a number of ways. Discuss how oil changed American society. What did oil and gas make possible? What new aspects of society are a result of oil and gas? What would American society be like without oil or gas?

Essay Topic 3

Choose one world and/or oil company leader from the twentieth century. For example, you might use Nassar, Sadat, Hussein, and so on. Discuss the person's impact on the oil industry. What decisions or actions did the person make that affected the oil industry? Where the effects positive or negative for the industry? Why do you think this person had an impact on the oil industry? Use specific examples in your discussion.

(see the answer keys)

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