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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. A Bolshevik newspaper spoke of oil as what?

2. What was lacking in the mid-19th century in regard to oil?

3. RDSG geologists put which country atop the list of potential oil finds?

4. By 1915, APOC was supplying how much of the British Navy's oil needs?

5. What did Calouste Gulbenkian come to be known as after APOC and Shell gave him shares in their companies?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did WWI affect the oil industry and consumption of oil?

2. What did Germany use to try to disrupt oil distribution? What effect did this have?

3. What plans did Adolf Hitler have that depended on oil? What helped him in his projects to get away from Western oil?

4. What was part of Hitler's motivation to invade Russia? Why? Was he successful?

5. What was the Japanese war plan based on? Did these premises come true?

6. How did the automobile transform American society?

7. Who found an economical way to get oil? Where did he get the information from? What happened after he discovered this?

8. What was one of most extraordinary engineering feats of WWII? Why was this done?

9. What event in 1947 in the Gulf of Mexico led to questions? What issues arose from this? What other products did the United States become interested in?

10. What are rents? How does this apply to oil?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the development of the Middle East as a power in the oil industry. Why did the Middle East become important in the industry? What role has this region played in the industry? What aspects has the region influence in terms of oil? Give specific examples from the book to support your answer.

Essay Topic 2

During various periods, countries and consumers experienced oil shortages. What effect did oil shortages have on individuals in these countries? How did people and governments cope with oil shortages? What measures did oil companies, individuals, and governments take to reduce the impact of shortages? Discuss at least three specific examples of oil shortages and how they were dealt with.

Essay Topic 3

Choose one world and/or oil company leader from the twentieth century. For example, you might use Nassar, Sadat, Hussein, and so on. Discuss the person's impact on the oil industry. What decisions or actions did the person make that affected the oil industry? Where the effects positive or negative for the industry? Why do you think this person had an impact on the oil industry? Use specific examples in your discussion.

(see the answer keys)

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