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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What term did the Greeks use to refer to the souls of the departed?
(a) Spirits.
(b) Daemons.
(c) Ghosts.
(d) Shades.

2. What was the reason for what happened to Socrates after his trial?
(a) One of Socrates' friends, who betrayed him.
(b) An Athenian practice which had nothing to do with Socrates.
(c) One of his family members interfered with his sentencing.
(d) The judge who presided over his trial reconsidered the sentencing.

3. What did the Pythagoreans conclude about the nature of matter?
(a) All matter was created at the time of the Big Bang.
(b) Matter is solid.
(c) When matter was destroyed, it disappeared.
(d) The universe is made up of tiny, invisible particles.

4. According to Tarrant, what is one modern debate which is similar in nature to the issues in the "Phaedo"?
(a) Reincarnation.
(b) Nature vs. nurture.
(c) Intelligent Design.
(d) Capital punishment.

5. How did Socrates interpret his dream?
(a) He felt that Apollo might save him from his fate.
(b) He knew what awaited him in the Underworld.
(c) He believed he had two days left to live.
(d) He believed there might be a way for him to escape his execution.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Socrates and his partner realize, via their debate with their friends, about the nature of truth?

2. Approximately how many people were present at Socrates' execution?

3. Who is Phaedo?

4. What is misanthropy?

5. Who is the intended audience for the Phaedo?

Short Essay Questions

1. What belief do Socrates' friends discuss in the "Phaedo" that was taught in formal philosophical education, but was not culturally popular?

2. What realization does Socrates have as a result of his and Phaedo's debate with Simmias and Cebes?

3. What does Socrates say about misanthropy and "mislogic"?

4. What was the Pythagorean school of thought?

5. What conclusion do Socrates and Crito reach regarding the laws of the land?

6. What is the philosophical subject of Book 4?

7. What is the setting of Book 4?

8. What is the "transmigration of souls"?

9. Who is present at Socrates' execution?

10. What is "Idealism" in philosophy?

(see the answer keys)

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