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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did Socrates interpret his dream?
(a) He knew what awaited him in the Underworld.
(b) He felt that Apollo might save him from his fate.
(c) He believed there might be a way for him to escape his execution.
(d) He believed he had two days left to live.

2. What did Socrates and his partner realize, via their debate with their friends, about the nature of truth?
(a) Knowing the truth, with certainty, when one finds it is problematic.
(b) If the truth is different from what one previously believed, there will be individual, and perhaps societal, ramifications which must be dealt with.
(c) All answers are correct.
(d) What they hope the truth to be is not necessarily what it actually is.

3. According to Crito's dialogue with Socrates, who had the right to control a given set of circumstances, or a relationship?
(a) The ones who had been given authority by the state.
(b) Qualified individuals, or experts.
(c) The most ethical.
(d) The wealthy.

4. What did Socrates say about the laws of the land during his conversation with Crito?
(a) They both protect and control members of society.
(b) They control members of society, but don't do much to protect them.
(c) They are just, so it is just to follow them.
(d) They are unjust, but must be followed.

5. How can a person avoid all disappointment, according to Socrates?
(a) They can't.
(b) Having realistic expectations.
(c) Learning more about someone before placing demands on them.
(d) Relying on oneself, rather than others.

6. According to Crito and Socrates, is it just to harm another person if it is purely in retaliation?
(a) The two can't agree.
(b) Yes.
(c) No.
(d) It depends on the circumstances.

7. What theory did the Pythagoreans have about the human soul?
(a) They felt that the soul only lasted as long as the body did.
(b) They felt that the soul was eternal and unchanging.
(c) They didn't believe in the concept of the soul.
(d) They didn't have a theory about the human soul.

8. According to Tarrant, why did Socrates submit so easily to his sentencing?
(a) He had a terminal illness.
(b) He chose it over being banished.
(c) He had no will to live.
(d) It afforded him some control.

9. What was the other possibility that Socrates contemplated regarding the afterlife?
(a) Salvation.
(b) Reincarnation.
(c) Complete annihilation.
(d) Eternal damnation.

10. Why did Socrates plead with Crito to listen to his reasoning?
(a) Because Socrates wanted Crito to be at peace with the decision that Socrates had made.
(b) Socrates just wanted to have a good philosophical debate.
(c) Socrates wanted Crito to point out the flaws in his reasoning so he would be able to change his mind without guilt.
(d) Socrates wanted to reassure Crito that he was making the right choice.

11. Each theory about the afterlife that is presented by Socrates' friends represents a different conception of what?
(a) The gods.
(b) Mortality.
(c) The soul.
(d) Religion.

12. How did Phaedo describe Socrates' execution?
(a) Peaceful.
(b) Horrifying.
(c) Unfair.
(d) Heart-wrenching.

13. What did Socrates expect when he passed into the Underworld, according to his dialogue with Crito?
(a) He expects to be judged.
(b) He expects to have all his questions answered.
(c) He expects to be reborn into another life.
(d) He expects to meet his friends who have passed before him.

14. According to Socrates, what do mislogic and misanthropy have in common?
(a) A lack of self-confidence.
(b) Unrealistic expectations.
(c) Not having enough social interactions.
(d) Not exercising one's intellect.

15. Crito and Socrates agreed that what action is always unjust?
(a) Doing a just thing for the wrong reasons.
(b) Judging another person.
(c) Avoiding one's punishment.
(d) Harming others.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was the view of Socrates' friends on the topic of suicide?

2. What happens to energy, according to the Pythagoreans?

3. What term did the Greeks use to refer to the souls of the departed?

4. What concept does Tarrant label as "Christian," which he says the Greeks did not possess?

5. Who temporarily won the debate in Book 5, Chapter 2?

(see the answer keys)

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