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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When did Socrates' dialogue with Crito take place?
(a) At Socrates' execution.
(b) Before Socrates was informed that he was being prosecuted.
(c) Before Socrates' sentencing.
(d) After Socrates' sentencing, but before his death.

2. According to Socrates' friends, what happens when someone learns something?
(a) They uncover new knowledge.
(b) They discover something they already knew.
(c) They create knowledge which did not previously exist.
(d) They remember knowledge that already existed.

3. What does "transmigration of souls" mean?
(a) The communications from the dead that are received by the living.
(b) Some aspects of an individual exist before, during, and after their lifetime.
(c) The journey across the River Styx.
(d) Displaced souls that roam the earth.

4. What was Socrates doing when Crito arrived?
(a) Praying.
(b) Writing.
(c) Sleeping.
(d) Eating.

5. What metaphor does Tarrant use to describe the different mentalities in the Phaedo?
(a) A slave and his master.
(b) Two siblings in a rival relationship.
(c) A child and his father.
(d) A student and his teacher.

6. What was the relationship, according to Crito and Socrates, between just actions and natural ones?
(a) An action may be just, but not natural.
(b) Just actions are always natural.
(c) Natural actions are always just.
(d) An action may be natural, but unjust.

7. What was the view of Socrates' friends on the topic of suicide?
(a) People should be free to do whatever they like with their lives, including ending them.
(b) It is unacceptable.
(c) There is no consensus on the topic.
(d) It is understandable in certain circumstances.

8. Crito and Socrates agreed that what action is always unjust?
(a) Doing a just thing for the wrong reasons.
(b) Harming others.
(c) Judging another person.
(d) Avoiding one's punishment.

9. What concept does Tarrant label as "Christian," which he says the Greeks did not possess?
(a) Baptism.
(b) Altruism.
(c) Immortality.
(d) Sacraments.

10. What did the Pythagoreans conclude about the nature of matter?
(a) When matter was destroyed, it disappeared.
(b) Matter is solid.
(c) The universe is made up of tiny, invisible particles.
(d) All matter was created at the time of the Big Bang.

11. According to Tarrant, what is one modern debate which is similar in nature to the issues in the "Phaedo"?
(a) Reincarnation.
(b) Intelligent Design.
(c) Nature vs. nurture.
(d) Capital punishment.

12. Who was Phaedo telling the story of Socrates' execution to?
(a) Cebes.
(b) Echecrates.
(c) Simmias.
(d) Euthyphro.

13. What did Socrates say about the jurors who convicted him?
(a) They didn't know any better.
(b) They were being selfish.
(c) The jury committed an injustice against him.
(d) They were doing what they felt was just.

14. According to Socrates and his friends, what happens to a soul after it spends some time in the Underworld?
(a) It reemerges as a new mortal.
(b) It forgets its previous life.
(c) It is assimilated by the life force of the cosmos.
(d) It ascends to Heaven.

15. Why did Socrates ask Crito to be cautious?
(a) So that Socrates' friends didn't discover his escape plot.
(b) So that Crito didn't implicate himself.
(c) So that the two could determine their own, and one another's, beliefs about what is just.
(d) So that the guards wouldn't overhear them.

Short Answer Questions

1. How was Socrates executed?

2. What term did the Greeks use to refer to the souls of the departed?

3. What were Socrates and his partner debating about at the end of Book 5, Chapter 2?

4. In what area of thought did the Pythagorean school excel?

5. What did Crito want Socrates to do?

(see the answer keys)

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