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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. To where does Adherbal escape with his soldiers?

2. What does Annuis finally do after speaking with Jugurtha?

3. Why does Adherbal deliver a speech to the Senate?

4. What does Jugurtha do once the Senate has made its decision on Numidia?

5. To whom does Micipas want to hand over his power?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Metellus handle Jugurtha's ambush and what does he do after the first encounter with Jugurtha?

2. How, when and why did a rift develop between Jugurtha and his brothers?

3. What happens as fear spreads through Numidia?

4. What does the Senate tell Jugurtha he must do about Adherbal and what is Jugurtha's response?

5. What does Jugurtha do after the Roman representatives leave Numidia?

6. What does Jugurtha hear about Metellus, what is his response to that and how does Metellus respond to Jugurtha?

7. What forces the Senate to act against Jugurtha and what do they do?

8. How does Rome feel about Metellus's encounters with Jugurtha and what is Metellus's response to this?

9. What type of government does Sallust say could solve the problems but what happens when that is attempted?

10. What does the senate decide to do about Numidia?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Sallust binds the theme of acting quickly with a sound political structure. In a dictatorship such of that of Sylla's and the government Catiline is trying to enforce, acting quickly does not work. Democratic leadership, Sallust says, is more apt to have success with quick decisions.

1. Explain why Sallust does not consider a dictatorship a sound political structure. Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. Explain the difference and similarities between a dictatorship and a democracy government.

3. What do you think is meant by Sallust binding the theme of acting quickly with a sound political structure.

Essay Topic 2

Sallust starts by talking about the strengths of the mind and the body. He puts the virtues of the mind above that of the body, but he understands that war needs both the mind for planning and the body for attacking.

1. Discuss the strengths of the mind versus the strengths of the body. Include in your discussion how one might complement the other and how one might interfere with the other.

2. Discuss the different uses of the body and the mind for war. Use examples from the text to support your answer.

3. Using the text as a resource, why do you think Sallust puts the virtue of the mind above that of the body? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

Essay Topic 3

Sallust concentrates on the action, often presenting everything in very black and white. For example, the good guys such as Cicero are inherently good, while Catiline, of course, is completely bad. It is interesting that when Antonio pardons himself from fighting, Sallust passes no judgment on him.

1. Discuss the problems that can be caused in a situation when good or bad are the only two judgments that can be made about that situation. Use examples from the text and your own life to illustrate your ideas.

2. Rigidity in thinking has been the cause of much disagreements and misunderstanding in the world. When two people or two cultures or two countries are unable to see the viewpoint of another, communication cannot take place. Sallust seeing some persons as all good or all bad is an example of rigid thinking. Discuss a problem in the present time which is caused or aggravated by rigid thinking.

3. Debate the following statement: All people have both good and bad within and no one is all bad or all good. Use examples of well known individuals in history and individuals in this book, to illustrate both sides of the issue.

(see the answer keys)

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