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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Jugurtha ask of King Bocchus?

2. What does Jugurtha tell his troops are one of their main advantages against the Romans?

3. Who is the heir the the Numidian throne after Jugurtha?

4. Who does the majority of the people support in the Jugurthine War?

5. How does Sallust present the Roman army in the beginning?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Jugurtha provoke Adherbal into resuming hostilities?

2. What does Sallust say is the reason he is writing The Jugurthine War book?

3. What does Adherbal do when he runs to Rome and how does that work out for him?

4. How does Metellus handle Jugurtha's ambush and what does he do after the first encounter with Jugurtha?

5. What does Jugurtha decide to do after he agrees to surrender to Metellus?

6. What does Memmuis tell Jugurtha he must do when Cassius brings him to Rome and how does Jugurtha get out of it?

7. What does the Senate tell Jugurtha he must do about Adherbal and what is Jugurtha's response?

8. How does Jugurtha take care of Annuis?

9. What happens as fear spreads through Numidia?

10. What does Jugurtha hear about Metellus, what is his response to that and how does Metellus respond to Jugurtha?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Sallust presents the Roman army as ill-disciplined brutes. They buy everything instead of making it and live a luxurious life that is not conducive to being men of war.

1. Explain in detail why you think Sallust's evaluation of how soldiers should live is correct or wrong. Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. Discuss in detail the moral implications of the politicians who send soldiers to war living at a much higher standard than the soldiers. Include in your discussion if you believe the disparity between soldiers' lives and politicians lives make it easier for politicians to use soldiers.

3. Military personnel in America receive fairly low compensation for their jobs although in peacetime the benefits and compensation may seem adequate, when faced with combat, it might seem too little. Discuss what you think is a fair wage for combat soldiers and what they should receive as veterans.

Essay Topic 2

Sallust said that wise leaders who could recognize people as individuals and bring them together through a shared love of their nation, built the original Roman society.

1. Why do you think Sallust thought the leaders were wise in the early days of the empire? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. Discuss why love of a nation might bind a people together better than greed or love of power.

3. Discuss what the leaders of America might be able to learn from the early leadership of Rome and how they might be able to implement similar leadership.

Essay Topic 3

Sallust starts by talking about the strengths of the mind and the body. He puts the virtues of the mind above that of the body, but he understands that war needs both the mind for planning and the body for attacking.

1. Discuss the strengths of the mind versus the strengths of the body. Include in your discussion how one might complement the other and how one might interfere with the other.

2. Discuss the different uses of the body and the mind for war. Use examples from the text to support your answer.

3. Using the text as a resource, why do you think Sallust puts the virtue of the mind above that of the body? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

(see the answer keys)

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