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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Jugurtha do when Metellus marches past his ambush?

2. What kind of welcome does the public give Metellus when he returns to Rome?

3. What does the Senate decide to do about Adherbal's request?

4. Why does Adherbal deliver a speech to the Senate?

5. What type of government does Sallust say could bring about a change?

Short Essay Questions

1. How, when and why did a rift develop between Jugurtha and his brothers?

2. Describe the circumstances surrounding Hiempsal's death?

3. What does Memmuis tell Jugurtha he must do when Cassius brings him to Rome and how does Jugurtha get out of it?

4. How does Jugurtha provoke Adherbal into resuming hostilities?

5. How does Metellus handle Jugurtha's ambush and what does he do after the first encounter with Jugurtha?

6. How do the Romans finally arrest Jugurtha?

7. What does Metellus do with Bohumilcar?

8. What does Adherbal do when he runs to Rome and how does that work out for him?

9. What does Sallust say about public office and what most men don't want and how they gain promotions?

10. What happens when Metellus tries to capture Zama?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Sallust starts by talking about the strengths of the mind and the body. He puts the virtues of the mind above that of the body, but he understands that war needs both the mind for planning and the body for attacking.

1. Discuss the strengths of the mind versus the strengths of the body. Include in your discussion how one might complement the other and how one might interfere with the other.

2. Discuss the different uses of the body and the mind for war. Use examples from the text to support your answer.

3. Using the text as a resource, why do you think Sallust puts the virtue of the mind above that of the body? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

Essay Topic 2

From Sallust's perspective, the Jugurthine war was more akin to a civil war between the nobility and the people, and Jugurtha was an excuse for the takeover.

1. Why do you think Sallust calls the Jugurthine War a civil war? Do you agree with this assertion? Why or why not? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. In some ways, some of the wars in which the United States has participated were civil wars, at least from Sallust's perspective. Do you think it is moral or immoral for America to interfere in a civil war in another country? Why or why not?

3. If one believes Sallust's description of civil war, then the American Revolution would have to be considered a civil war. Debate the two sides to this statement.

Essay Topic 3

Jugurtha's actions end up bringing the corruption in the Roman government to light and proves to be the initial impetus for eliminating some of that corruption.

1. In view of the brutalities and crimes Jugurtha committed do you think the ultimate outcome in the Roman government was worth it? Why or why not? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. Sallust seems to present Jugurtha in a positive manner and might even admire him. How do you think Sallust's portrayal of Jugurtha would have changed if the changes Sallust wanted had not been a result of Jugurtha's actions?

3. Explain why the following saying relates to the first sentence: The end justifies the means.

(see the answer keys)

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