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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. To where does Adherval flee?

2. What does Jugurtha begin to do after he decides not to surrender?

3. Why does Jugurtha bribe Romans?

4. What was Jugurtha's relationship to Micipas?

5. What does Jugurtha do when he hears of Metellus's character?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does the war between Jugurtha and Adhrbal start?

2. How does Jugurtha take care of Annuis?

3. What does Sallust say about man's intellectual ability and fate?

4. What does Jugurtha decide to do after he agrees to surrender to Metellus?

5. What does Jugurtha tell his army and what do they do?

6. What does Jugurtha do after the Roman representatives leave Numidia?

7. Who is Marcus Scaurus and what does the Senate have him do? How does Jugurtha respond to Scaurus?

8. How do the Romans finally arrest Jugurtha?

9. What does the Senate have Metellus do after he is elected and how does Sallust describe Metellus?

10. What does Metellus do with Bohumilcar?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Men joined the army where they aimed to earn renown as a hero. At that time, money and power were more in the background. He states that the Romans do not have greater literature because their people did not want to record merits but wanted their own merits celebrated.

1. There are many reasons why one might join an army. Discuss at least four reasons and whether you believe those are better reasons than to join it for fame.

2. Discuss why Sallust thinks self-aggrandizing has interfered with greater literature being produced.

3. Sallust states that money and power were more in the background at the time as far as what people wanted. Discuss why it is possible that money and power follow fame and admiration.

Essay Topic 2

Bocchus calls a meeting with Maruis, who sends Sylla in his place. Bocchus offers his submission and asks if he can come to Rome to meet with the Senate. Rome grants permission and they decide Bocchus was lead astray by Jurgurtha.

1. The above statement seems to imply that the Roman Senate is allowing Bocchus to abdicate responsibility for his actions. Do you think this is reasonable? Why or why not? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. What do you think is the similarities and differences between the Senate's decision about Bocchus and what is called "mitigating circumstances" in our justice system?

3. Do you think claiming to be under the influence of someone else is a valid mitigating circumstance? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss one of the following:

1. Trace and analyze the theme of manipulation and power in The Jugurthine War. Consider the following questions as you write: Which persons are most concerned with manipulation and power? Why? What are some symbols of manipulation and power? Symbols of powerlessness? Which persons seem powerless?

2. Trace and analyze the theme of hypocrisy in The Jugurthine War. Which persons seem hypocritical? Why? Which persons seem sincere? Why? Which ones seem not to care about looking good to others? What is the difference between how the two types live?

3. Trace and analyze the theme of death in The Jugurthine War. Compare and contrast how the people of the Roman era view death to the views of those in 2010. Which is most like your own view of death? Who seems afraid of dying? Not afraid? Who meets death gracefully? In resignation? With joy? With fear?

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