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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Marius do after the elections?

2. What does the Senate do after the affair with Annuis?

3. How does Metellus feel about Marius becoming a consul?

4. Why does Memmuis stir up the public?

5. Why did the society of the Libyans and the Getulians change?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Jugurtha do after he flees Thala?

2. How, when and why did a rift develop between Jugurtha and his brothers?

3. What does Jugurtha tell his army and what do they do?

4. How do the Romans finally arrest Jugurtha?

5. What does Adherbal do when he runs to Rome and how does that work out for him?

6. What does Jugurtha do after the Roman representatives leave Numidia?

7. How does Metellus handle Jugurtha's ambush and what does he do after the first encounter with Jugurtha?

8. Describe the circumstances surrounding Hiempsal's death?

9. What does Jugurtha hear about Metellus, what is his response to that and how does Metellus respond to Jugurtha?

10. What does Sallust say is the reason he is writing The Jugurthine War book?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss one of the following:

1. Trace and analyze the theme of manipulation and power in The Jugurthine War. Consider the following questions as you write: Which persons are most concerned with manipulation and power? Why? What are some symbols of manipulation and power? Symbols of powerlessness? Which persons seem powerless?

2. Trace and analyze the theme of hypocrisy in The Jugurthine War. Which persons seem hypocritical? Why? Which persons seem sincere? Why? Which ones seem not to care about looking good to others? What is the difference between how the two types live?

3. Trace and analyze the theme of death in The Jugurthine War. Compare and contrast how the people of the Roman era view death to the views of those in 2010. Which is most like your own view of death? Who seems afraid of dying? Not afraid? Who meets death gracefully? In resignation? With joy? With fear?

Essay Topic 2

Sallust starts by talking about the strengths of the mind and the body. He puts the virtues of the mind above that of the body, but he understands that war needs both the mind for planning and the body for attacking.

1. Discuss the strengths of the mind versus the strengths of the body. Include in your discussion how one might complement the other and how one might interfere with the other.

2. Discuss the different uses of the body and the mind for war. Use examples from the text to support your answer.

3. Using the text as a resource, why do you think Sallust puts the virtue of the mind above that of the body? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

Essay Topic 3

Sallust describes Metellus as an honorable man, who Jurgurtha has no chance to persuade with the lure of gold. Metullus bribes Bohumilcar to bring him Jurgurtha offering him a pardon for murder.

1. Though Metellus is touted as an honorable man by Sallust he offers a pardon for murder to get Bohumilcar. Discuss how this behavior conflicts with the concept of an honorable man.

2. Discuss, in detail, what you believe being an honorable man might mean in present day American society.

3. Discuss a situation in your own life where either honor or dishonor made a situation better or worse.

(see the answer keys)

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