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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Sallust say people should not do if the government is corrupt?

2. How does Jugurtha get a better deal from the Senate?

3. What does the Senate do after the affair with Annuis?

4. What does Jugurtha tell the Roman representatives who come to check on the situation in Numidia?

5. Why does Jugurtha bribe Romans?

Short Essay Questions

1. What type of government does Sallust say could solve the problems but what happens when that is attempted?

2. What happens when Metellus tries to capture Zama?

3. Describe the circumstances surrounding Hiempsal's death?

4. What does Jugurtha tell his army and what do they do?

5. What does the Senate tell Jugurtha he must do about Adherbal and what is Jugurtha's response?

6. How does Metellus handle Jugurtha's ambush and what does he do after the first encounter with Jugurtha?

7. What does the senate decide to do about Numidia?

8. What happens as fear spreads through Numidia?

9. What does Adherbal do when he runs to Rome and how does that work out for him?

10. What does Jugurtha do after the Roman representatives leave Numidia?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

From Sallust's perspective, the Jugurthine war was more akin to a civil war between the nobility and the people, and Jugurtha was an excuse for the takeover.

1. Why do you think Sallust calls the Jugurthine War a civil war? Do you agree with this assertion? Why or why not? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. In some ways, some of the wars in which the United States has participated were civil wars, at least from Sallust's perspective. Do you think it is moral or immoral for America to interfere in a civil war in another country? Why or why not?

3. If one believes Sallust's description of civil war, then the American Revolution would have to be considered a civil war. Debate the two sides to this statement.

Essay Topic 2

Men joined the army where they aimed to earn renown as a hero. At that time, money and power were more in the background. He states that the Romans do not have greater literature because their people did not want to record merits but wanted their own merits celebrated.

1. There are many reasons why one might join an army. Discuss at least four reasons and whether you believe those are better reasons than to join it for fame.

2. Discuss why Sallust thinks self-aggrandizing has interfered with greater literature being produced.

3. Sallust states that money and power were more in the background at the time as far as what people wanted. Discuss why it is possible that money and power follow fame and admiration.

Essay Topic 3

Discuss one of the following:

1. Trace and analyze the theme of manipulation and power in The Jugurthine War. Consider the following questions as you write: Which persons are most concerned with manipulation and power? Why? What are some symbols of manipulation and power? Symbols of powerlessness? Which persons seem powerless?

2. Trace and analyze the theme of hypocrisy in The Jugurthine War. Which persons seem hypocritical? Why? Which persons seem sincere? Why? Which ones seem not to care about looking good to others? What is the difference between how the two types live?

3. Trace and analyze the theme of death in The Jugurthine War. Compare and contrast how the people of the Roman era view death to the views of those in 2010. Which is most like your own view of death? Who seems afraid of dying? Not afraid? Who meets death gracefully? In resignation? With joy? With fear?

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