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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. By what age do children become improvisers who behave with intelligence?

2. Who coins the term ChomTur?

3. What area of the brain do scientists believe is specialized for language?

4. What does "prestidigitation" mean?

5. What are developed rather than existing from birth?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why does Wilson bring up his friend Jack Schaefer?

2. What is the title of Feldenkrais' book and what does the book claim?

3. Explain the studies that are conducted by a joint effort of University of New Mexico and Gallaudet University?

4. Explain the term "BackTur."

5. What is one thing that influences which hand is dominant and what are a couple other characteristics that are often associated with one dominant hand or the other?

6. What does Feldenkrais say about how parents can inhibit their child's abilities?

7. Who is Jeanne Bamberger and what does Wilson write about her work?

8. What does William Calvin believe about female apes?

9. What type of therapy is used in many cultures and to what does it go back?

10. What does the author think about concerning a high school language teacher?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss, in depth, the following statements using examples from the text to support your answer:

1. Writing and drawing relate to many other skills using small tools by both right and left-handers.

2. Throwing and throwing arm choice correlates with other whole body skills.

3. Right-handers both write and throw with that hand, whereas left-hand writers throw with right hands in one-half the cases and have stronger, larger right-hand thumbs and kick with a right foot.

Essay Topic 2

Wilson claims the brain and musculoskeletal systems evolve by changing structure and function over time, the bipedal gait and upper limb changes are characteristic of the hominid line distinct from primates, and the driving force of hominid brain evolution is the brain and society as hominids expand their range beyond the jungle into other habitats.

1. Explain what Wilson means by the brain and musculoskeletal systems changing structure and function. Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. Discuss, in depth, how the bipedal gait and upper limbs differ between hominids and apes. Use examples from the text to support your answer.

3. Discuss reasons you think expanding the range of habitats made the hominid more intelligent. Use examples from the text to support your answer.

Essay Topic 3

Donald assumes speech is a primary enabler and the outcome of evolution in 1) cognitive capacity as representational or mimetic, 2) articulating speech, and 3) neural structure. Donald summarizes his ideas with the claim that humans did not simply grow larger brains, memories and speaking equipment but rather incorporated new ways to represent reality in their bigger brains.

1. Why would Donald call speech a primary enabler of evolution? Use examples from the text to support your answer.

2. What do you think Donald means by cognitive capacity as representational or mimetic? cognitive capacity as representational or mimetic

3. Why would the ability to remember the past be important to hominids' survival?

(see the answer keys)

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