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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Rousseau wonder is improved or undermined by restoring the arts and sciences?
(a) Virtue.
(b) Intelligence.
(c) Values.
(d) Morality.

2. What is, in science, more likely to result from speculation than truth?
(a) Error.
(b) Receiving research funding.
(c) Mistakes.
(d) A workable product.

3. What contradiction was Rousseau trying to illuminate?
(a) Great kings.
(b) Dark sun.
(c) Enlightened despotism.
(d) Honest politicians.

4. What does Rousseau say at the end of Chapter 1 might contradict virtue?
(a) Sciences.
(b) Religion.
(c) Education.
(d) Ignorance.

5. What does the pursuit of art and science not teach citizens?
(a) To take care of themselves.
(b) To question authority.
(c) To grow their own food.
(d) To be virtuous.

6. What is best represented by the "Philosophes"?
(a) Democracy.
(b) The Enlightenment.
(c) The French Revolution.
(d) Changes in the Monarchy.

7. What does Rousseau say happened to what fell apart in Chapter 1?
(a) It was cast aside.
(b) It was resurrected.
(c) It was forgotten.
(d) It was taken over by new philosophers.

8. What are the two laws of nature and natural right according to Rousseau?
(a) Physical nature and rational man.
(b) Rational man and irrational nature.
(c) Physical nature and irrational man.
(d) Physical nature and the king is always right.

9. How does Rousseau qualify the time doing nothing as?
(a) Time to reflect.
(b) Wicked.
(c) Wasted.
(d) Rest.

10. What did Rousseau use to counterbalance the potential good of modernity?
(a) The potential for the kings of Europe to crush any philosophical movement.
(b) The potential for democracy to fail.
(c) The potential for modernity to revert to savagery.
(d) The potential for modernity to annihilate itself.

11. What collapses with riches according to Rousseau?
(a) Morality.
(b) Education.
(c) Science.
(d) Art.

12. What does Rousseau say men came to love?
(a) Religion.
(b) Arts.
(c) Sciences.
(d) The restriction imposed by arts and sciences.

13. What does luxury generate according to Rousseau?
(a) Art.
(b) Good men.
(c) Travel.
(d) Free time.

14. What does Rousseau argue about the the society in which he was living in the First Discourse?
(a) It has high moral standards.
(b) It is on the brink of chaos.
(c) It is as perfect as it can be.
(d) It is morally depraved.

15. What is not superior to the present day?
(a) Science.
(b) Intelligence.
(c) Art.
(d) Nature of man.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Rousseau say humanity possessed even before the advent of art?

2. Where was Rousseau born according to the Introduction?

3. How does Rousseau qualify what humanity possessed even before the advent of art?

4. What does Rousseau say increased in France?

5. How would artists feel if they were to work amongst those who hate their work according to Rousseau?

(see the answer keys)

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