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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Rousseau say the increase of knowledge helps generate?
(a) Good behavior.
(b) Worthy philosophers.
(c) Time for vice.
(d) Science.

2. What were Hobbes, Spinoza and Locke critiquing?
(a) Rousseau's relation with Frederick the Great.
(b) People obsessed by material possession.
(c) The rational basis of monarchy.
(d) The rational basis of natural law and religion.

3. What did Rousseau use to counterbalance the potential good of modernity?
(a) The potential for democracy to fail.
(b) The potential for modernity to revert to savagery.
(c) The potential for modernity to annihilate itself.
(d) The potential for the kings of Europe to crush any philosophical movement.

4. What displays apparent contradiction between virtue and enlightenment according to Rousseau in the First Discourse?
(a) Monarchy and prisons.
(b) Despotism and freedom.
(c) Government and philosophy.
(d) Sciences and arts.

5. What reflects in the science it helped produce?
(a) Evil.
(b) Processes.
(c) Goodness.
(d) Intelligence.

6. What was the most popular form of government in Europe during Rousseau's time?
(a) Democracy.
(b) Capitalism.
(c) Monarchy.
(d) Enlightened Despotism.

7. What does Rousseau argue the arts force men to recognize?
(a) Their piety.
(b) The greatness of their leaders.
(c) Talent.
(d) Their own weakness.

8. What does Rousseau say preceded what men are coming to?
(a) Sophism.
(b) Socratism.
(c) Enlightenment.
(d) Barbarism.

9. What does Rousseau say the restrictions imposed by arts and sciences do?
(a) Make untalented people famous.
(b) Make people think.
(c) Make despotic governments bearable.
(d) Make people civilized.

10. What collapses with riches according to Rousseau?
(a) Education.
(b) Morality.
(c) Science.
(d) Art.

11. What should academies organize society around?
(a) Clans.
(b) Riches.
(c) Family heritage.
(d) What knowledge different class should have.

12. What is, in science, more likely to result from speculation than truth?
(a) Mistakes.
(b) Receiving research funding.
(c) A workable product.
(d) Error.

13. What does Rousseau argue generates geometry?
(a) Reasoning.
(b) Greed.
(c) Sympathy.
(d) Nightmares.

14. What does Rousseau think artistic progress produces?
(a) Corruption.
(b) Riches.
(c) Poverty.
(d) Happiness.

15. What are the growing illegalities based on according to Rousseau?
(a) Birth.
(b) Talents of men.
(c) Country of origin.
(d) The social political make-up of the time.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Rousseau say men are coming to?

2. What does luxury generate according to Rousseau?

3. What does Rousseau say might result only in ignorance?

4. What does Rousseau argue the arts force men to reward people based on?

5. What example does Rousseau use to demonstrate the link between free time and vanity?

(see the answer keys)

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