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This quiz consists of 5 multiple choice and 5 short answer questions through Introduction.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Rousseau use to counterbalance the potential good of modernity?
(a) The potential for democracy to fail.
(b) The potential for the kings of Europe to crush any philosophical movement.
(c) The potential for modernity to annihilate itself.
(d) The potential for modernity to revert to savagery.

2. What is, in science, more likely to result from speculation than truth?
(a) A workable product.
(b) Receiving research funding.
(c) Mistakes.
(d) Error.

3. What did the "philosophes" think would happen to a society where false beliefs wither?
(a) Women would come to power.
(b) It would collapse.
(c) It would rule the world.
(d) It would get better.

4. What does Rousseau argue enlightenment usually produces?
(a) Luxury.
(b) Better life for everyone.
(c) Better rulers.
(d) Laziness.

5. What follows the spread of knowledge according to the First Discourse?
(a) Happiness.
(b) Corruption.
(c) Riches.
(d) Chaos.

Short Answer Questions

1. What displays apparent contradiction between virtue and enlightenment according to Rousseau in the First Discourse?

2. What contradiction was Rousseau trying to illuminate?

3. What were Hobbes, Spinoza and Locke critiquing?

4. What were Hobbes, Spinoza and Locke trying to avoid when they were building their theories?

5. What is best represented by the "Philosophes"?

(see the answer key)

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