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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the comparison between the tactics of Scipio and Hannibal, what does Machiavelli consider to be praiseworthy?
(a) New uses of artillery.
(b) Success.
(c) Surprise.
(d) Feigned foolishness.

2. Why does Machiavelli advise Captains to use new things at the time that he does?
(a) Because the enemy won't see them in camp.
(b) Because the new technology requires different tactics.
(c) Because training is the best time to determine their use.
(d) To give courage to his enemies and take it from enemies.

3. Why does Machiavelli suggest that Republics arrive to changing with the times later than individuals?
(a) Because they suffer more in changing.
(b) Because the layers of bureaucracy is unresponsive.
(c) Because Citizens in a Republic are resistant to funding changes.
(d) Because their leaders are out of touch with the Citizens.

4. What were the results for the two Roman Consuls in Machiavelli's illustration?
(a) Decius' soldiers became weary from the first shocks and fled, Fabius' soldiers saved their fury for the end when the enemy lost its energy.
(b) Claudius' enemy was fooled, and Brutus was discovered.
(c) Decius caught his enemy unaware, and Octavius was defeated by artillery.
(d) Fabius destroyed the enemy's city, and Junius was defeated by too many infantrymen.

5. What institution does Machiavelli cite in Chapter 46 as being responsible for producing men that are either "harsh or effeminate."
(a) The Plebs.
(b) The family.
(c) The Senate.
(d) The Magistrates.

Short Answer Questions

1. When does Machiavelli advise Captains to try new things?

2. What were placed to the right and the left of every battle line of the Roman army?

3. Why does Machiavelli admire Fabius Maximus for avoiding battles?

4. How does the institution that makes men "harsh or effeminate" influence them, according to Machiavelli?

5. What phrase could summarize what Livius' details as qualifications for an effective Captain.

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the two evils that Machiavelli claims came to Rome as its Empire grew in geographical size?

2. Why does Machiavelli consider impetuosity and audacity to often be successful for a Prince to take a province that belongs to another Prince?

3. Why does Machiavelli claim that the Senate and Plebes rose up to take control of Rome from Tarquinius Superbus ?

4. Why would there be much bloodshed in the cases that a Republic moves violently from tyranny to freedom?

5. What is the advice that Machiavelli gives to Princes who take possessions from another Prince?

6. What does Machiavelli recommend as the three methods of reuniting a City that has been divided?

7. Why doesn't Machiavelli expect promises made under force to be kept?

8. Why does Machiavelli consider sustaining an initial thrust of an enemy to be an effective strategy for winning a battle?

9. What does Machiavelli believe is the consequence of insulting anyone with words?

10. What does Machiavelli advise those who seek to change a Republic?

(see the answer keys)

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