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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Machiavelli write will prevent a bad Citizen from working evil in a Republic?
(a) The government taking steps to temporize the bad Citizen.
(b) The absence of corruption.
(c) General disregard for their reputation.
(d) Conspiracy against the bad Citizen.

2. What does Machiavelli identify as the three divisions of armies of his day?
(a) Battle Corps, Navy, and Ordinance.
(b) Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery.
(c) Cavalry, Vanguard, and Artillery.
(d) Vanguard, Battle Corps, and Rearguard.

3. According to Machiavelli, what prevented the ambitions of the Nobles from corrupting Rome?
(a) Social ostracism by the Senate.
(b) Wars drained their wealth.
(c) The power of the Tribunes and the Plebes.
(d) The expanded Empire required that they move to colonies to lead them.

4. How does the institution that makes men "harsh or effeminate" influence them, according to Machiavelli?
(a) Because, "The Senate either deliberates or declares war."
(b) Because, "The Plebs either prepare for virtus of war or fall to corruption."
(c) Because, "It is very important that a young man of tender years begins to hear the good and bad of a thing."
(d) Because, "The magistrates either declare punishments or delays judgment."

5. What method of dealing with leaders of tumults that divide cities does Machiavelli favor?
(a) Dividing the City's wealth among the factions.
(b) Conscripting combatants into the military.
(c) Taking the women into slavery.
(d) Killing the leaders of tumults.

6. What were the results for the two Roman Consuls in Machiavelli's illustration?
(a) Fabius destroyed the enemy's city, and Junius was defeated by too many infantrymen.
(b) Decius caught his enemy unaware, and Octavius was defeated by artillery.
(c) Claudius' enemy was fooled, and Brutus was discovered.
(d) Decius' soldiers became weary from the first shocks and fled, Fabius' soldiers saved their fury for the end when the enemy lost its energy.

7. What were placed to the right and the left of every battle line of the Roman army?
(a) Captains.
(b) Plebs.
(c) Tribunes.
(d) The cavalry.

8. To whom did Machiavelli refer to demonstrate the value of poverty on the character of leadership?
(a) Caesar.
(b) Brutus.
(c) Cincinnatus.
(d) Claudius.

9. What is the proverb that Machiavelli reports the Samnites used on the Tuscans to encourage them to make war on the Roman Empire?
(a) "What would you give to breath the air of free men."
(b) "Will you not trade you security for freedom."
(c) "Do you want to die as free men or live as slaves?"
(d) "Peace (with Rome) was more of a burden to slaves than war is to free men."

10. What is the reason Machiavelli claims Princes with weaker armies would rush into battle?
(a) Because a long war would be harmful to all his subjects.
(b) Such Princes face no alternative.
(c) Because their judgment was hindered by the situation.
(d) Such Princes are deluded over their power.

11. Why does Machiavelli admire Fabius Maximus for avoiding battles?
(a) Because his soldiers were unqualified for battle.
(b) Because he did not have a sufficient number of soldiers.
(c) Because it gave the Senate time to negotiate a treaty.
(d) Because he waited until the time for battle was in his favor.

12. In what cases does Machiavelli endorse acting foolishly?
(a) To confuse political enemies.
(b) To please a powerful Prince.
(c) To Amuse the Nobles.
(d) To confuse enemies at war.

13. What example does Machiavelli use to show how a Republic can handle a malady?
(a) Immigrants taking part in elections and affecting the laws of government.
(b) Captains using deception to preserve freedom.
(c) Plebs developing industry to create wealth.
(d) The Senate using wisdom to avert disaster.

14. What does Machiavelli cite as Aristotle's three causes of ruin women bring on tyrants.
(a) Their seduction of tyrants, distracting their focus, and softening them with parental duties.
(b) Injury tyrants commit on women either by seduction, violence or corruption of marriages.
(c) The influence women have on men, children and families.
(d) The demands women make for wealth, food, and houses.

15. What does Machiavelli claim causes unity in a Republic?
(a) Wealth and industry.
(b) Idleness and peace.
(c) Fortune and leisure.
(d) Fear and war.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Livius' history of Rome identify as the three divisions of the Roman army?

2. What are Machiavelli's two thoughts on fortresses?

3. How do weak men handle changes in fortune, according to Machiavelli?

4. How does Machiavelli advise a Captain to consider a tactical error by an enemy?

5. According to Machiavelli, why did Livius believe the Roman Republic grew?

(see the answer keys)

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