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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Livius' history of Rome identify as the three divisions of the Roman army?
(a) Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery.
(b) .Triari, Navy, and Ordinance.
(c) Astati, Principi, and Triari.
(d) Principi, Infantry, and Navy.

2. Why does Machiavelli believe the Roman Republic grew?
(a) Because of the virtue of its soldiers.
(b) Because of the wisdom of its Magistrates.
(c) Because of the money of its Nobles.
(d) Because of the strength of its Captains.

3. What does Machiavelli claim to be the conduct of excellent and courageous men whether they experience good fortune or bad?
(a) They never refuse any type of challenge.
(b) They keep their courage in any fortune.
(c) They find enemies and defeat them.
(d) They adjust to the times.

4. How do weak men handle changes in fortune, according to Machiavelli?
(a) They are arrogant in good times and cowards in bad times.
(b) They are insufferable in good times and obscure in bad times.
(c) They are vain and inebriated by good fortune and vile and abject in bad fortune.
(d) They are greedy in good times and beggars in bad times.

5. How many commanders does Machiavelli advise over an army?
(a) A tribunal.
(b) One for battle and one for negotiation.
(c) One.
(d) One for each division.

6. What does Machiavelli identify as the cause of using dishonorable words against an enemy?
(a) Corruption that leads to an enemy's defeat.
(b) False hopes brought by victory.
(c) Poor discipline in the army.
(d) Poor military tactics of the enemy.

7. According to Machiavelli, what prevented the ambitions of the Nobles from corrupting Rome?
(a) Wars drained their wealth.
(b) Social ostracism by the Senate.
(c) The expanded Empire required that they move to colonies to lead them.
(d) The power of the Tribunes and the Plebes.

8. According to Machiavelli, what is the sign of a truly powerful Republic?
(a) It does not take land or gain support with money, but through the virtue of its army and war.
(b) It has the diplomatic skill to cajole the support of other Republics.
(c) It has the wealth to buy other lands.
(d) It can intimidate other Cities to become part of it without fighting battles.

9. What does Machiavelli predict will come of corrupted Republics if they do not take the important step of extending its life?
(a) They will fall victim to a Tyrant.
(b) The corruption will kill the body.
(c) They will break apart into new Republics
(d) They will become ineffective and subject to the rule of a stronger Republic.

10. Against whom are conspiracies made?
(a) Citizens and Plebs.
(b) Princes and countries.
(c) Republics and Senates.
(d) Captains and Kings.

11. What does Machiavelli claim causes men to conspire against their target?
(a) The desire to take control of the Senate
(b) The desire to take power over the military.
(c) The desire to liberate a country occupied by the Prince.
(d) The desire to manipulate the general masses.

12. What often happens to Captains who see a tactical error committed by their enemies?
(a) They move into passes and ambush the enemy.
(b) They are blinded by the desire for victory.
(c) They are overly cautious and bring defeat.
(d) They take the steps to assure victory.

13. Why does Machiavelli advise Captains to use new things at the time that he does?
(a) Because the enemy won't see them in camp.
(b) Because training is the best time to determine their use.
(c) To give courage to his enemies and take it from enemies.
(d) Because the new technology requires different tactics.

14. Of what is Machiavelli referring when he addresses the use of deceit in managing wars?
(a) Fooling the Senate to put him where he can win.
(b) Fooling the city he attacks to hide in a fort.
(c) Using tactics that mislead the enemy in battle.
(d) Fooling his soldiers to do things he needs.

15. What are the two ways that Republics are altered that Machiavelli examines?
(a) With free press and elections.
(b) With bloodshed and without bloodshed.
(c) With war and money.
(d) With natural disaster and new religions.

Short Answer Questions

1. How does Machiavelli advise a Captain to consider a tactical error by an enemy?

2. What does Machiavelli claim causes disunity in a Republic?

3. What are the two things that Machiavelli cites as the causes of the dissolution of the Roman Republic?

4. Who does Machiavelli credit with protecting Rome from the ambitions of the Tribunes?

5. What does Machiavelli identify as the three divisions of armies of his day?

(see the answer keys)

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