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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does Machiavelli praise of the ancient Roman battlefield tactics?
(a) The ability of the second and third divisions to absorb fallen lines ahead of them and proceed in battle.
(b) The ability of the three divisions to outman enemies and scare them from the battlefields.
(c) The fierceness of the soldiers to dictate the terms of every battle.
(d) The ability of the first division to puncture enemy lines so the second and third divisions can over run the command centers.

2. For what reason does Machiavelli advise people in power to, "...lay aside personal hatred?"
(a) To prepare for war.
(b) To build good families.
(c) For the good of the country.
(d) To serve the freedom of the Self.

3. What does Machiavelli claim causes unity in a Republic?
(a) Fortune and leisure.
(b) Idleness and peace.
(c) Wealth and industry.
(d) Fear and war.

4. In the comparison between the tactics of Scipio and Hannibal, what does Machiavelli consider to be praiseworthy?
(a) Success.
(b) Feigned foolishness.
(c) New uses of artillery.
(d) Surprise.

5. Why does Machiavelli advise Captains to use new things at the time that he does?
(a) Because the enemy won't see them in camp.
(b) To give courage to his enemies and take it from enemies.
(c) Because training is the best time to determine their use.
(d) Because the new technology requires different tactics.

6. What does Machiavelli claim causes disunity in a Republic?
(a) Corruption and war.
(b) Fortune and leisure.
(c) Wealth and industry.
(d) Idleness and peace.

7. What does Machiavelli consider one of the most important reasons the Roman Empire was successful in expanding its borders?
(a) The Senate gave great authority to military leaders over Cities that Rome was attacking.
(b) It had laws that kept the Plebes in their place.
(c) It kept Citizens in poverty.
(d) It showed skill in placing Nobles in control over colonies.

8. How did Phillip of Macedonia avoid battles with Fabius Maximus?
(a) By making an alliance with the Samnites.
(b) By staying in a fort.
(c) By moving his soldiers into provinces that Fabius had just left.
(d) By disassmbling and going home.

9. What example does Machiavelli use to show how a Republic can handle a malady?
(a) Immigrants taking part in elections and affecting the laws of government.
(b) Plebs developing industry to create wealth.
(c) Captains using deception to preserve freedom.
(d) The Senate using wisdom to avert disaster.

10. What does Machiavelli predict comes to those Republics that are changed violently.
(a) Injury will come to many.
(b) A stronger Republic will take control over it.
(c) Peace will come when the leaders are destroyed.
(d) Treaties will be made and order restored.

11. According to Machiavelli, what prevented the ambitions of the Nobles from corrupting Rome?
(a) Wars drained their wealth.
(b) The expanded Empire required that they move to colonies to lead them.
(c) Social ostracism by the Senate.
(d) The power of the Tribunes and the Plebes.

12. What does Machiavelli consider to be necessary when restoring a Republic from a Tyranny?
(a) Free, fair elections.
(b) Public works projects that help provide citizens with provisions.
(c) Memorable executions against the enemies of the Republic.
(d) Colonies.

13. What does Machiavelli write will prevent a bad Citizen from working evil in a Republic?
(a) General disregard for their reputation.
(b) Conspiracy against the bad Citizen.
(c) The government taking steps to temporize the bad Citizen.
(d) The absence of corruption.

14. What does Machiavelli believe comes to a good army without a good Captain?
(a) It regroups and promotes its most virtuous member.
(b) It sells itself to the highest bidder.
(c) It becomes insolent and dangerous.
(d) It breaks apart and goes home.

15. On what does Machiavelli believe a Republic must be organized?
(a) The virtu of its Captains who will effectively deceive enemies.
(b) The strength of its armies that can occupy provinces.
(c) On the reputation of Citizens that give benefit to the city and avoid harming it and its liberty.
(d) The wisdom of its Nobles who will know how to use wealth.

Short Answer Questions

1. What are the two things that give an army confidence according to Machiavelli?

2. What does Machiavelli recommend as the three ways to restore a divided city?

3. What were placed to the right and the left of every battle line of the Roman army?

4. What does Machiavelli believe is the only consideration to be made when the defense of a country is at stake?

5. What often happens to Captains who see a tactical error committed by their enemies?

(see the answer keys)

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