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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What did Livius' history of Rome identify as the three divisions of the Roman army?
(a) Astati, Principi, and Triari.
(b) Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery.
(c) Principi, Infantry, and Navy.
(d) .Triari, Navy, and Ordinance.

2. What does Machiavelli believe comes to a good army without a good Captain?
(a) It sells itself to the highest bidder.
(b) It regroups and promotes its most virtuous member.
(c) It becomes insolent and dangerous.
(d) It breaks apart and goes home.

3. What were placed to the right and the left of every battle line of the Roman army?
(a) Captains.
(b) Plebs.
(c) The cavalry.
(d) Tribunes.

4. What phrase could summarize what Livius' details as qualifications for an effective Captain.
(a) He earns animosity in training but trust in battle.
(b) His men hate his personality but love his tactics.
(c) He leads by deeds and not words.
(d) His wisdom is established by his deceptions.

5. What kinds of men are frowned upon in corrupt Republics?
(a) Common men.
(b) Excellent men.
(c) Vocal men.
(d) Scribes.

6. What does Machiavelli claim to be the conduct of excellent and courageous men whether they experience good fortune or bad?
(a) They never refuse any type of challenge.
(b) They find enemies and defeat them.
(c) They keep their courage in any fortune.
(d) They adjust to the times.

7. What, according to Machiavelli, did Epaminondas the Theban claim was most necessary and useful for a Captain?
(a) To fight in the open.
(b) To use new tactics.
(c) To know the decisions and proceedings of the enemy.
(d) To have new weapons.

8. Why does Machiavelli believe the Roman Republic grew?
(a) Because of the money of its Nobles.
(b) Because of the wisdom of its Magistrates.
(c) Because of the strength of its Captains.
(d) Because of the virtue of its soldiers.

9. To whom did Machiavelli refer to demonstrate the value of poverty on the character of leadership?
(a) Cincinnatus.
(b) Claudius.
(c) Caesar.
(d) Brutus.

10. What does Machiavelli consider to be necessary when restoring a Republic from a Tyranny?
(a) Memorable executions against the enemies of the Republic.
(b) Free, fair elections.
(c) Public works projects that help provide citizens with provisions.
(d) Colonies.

11. How did Phillip of Macedonia avoid battles with Fabius Maximus?
(a) By moving his soldiers into provinces that Fabius had just left.
(b) By staying in a fort.
(c) By making an alliance with the Samnites.
(d) By disassmbling and going home.

12. What does Machiavelli claim causes unity in a Republic?
(a) Fear and war.
(b) Fortune and leisure.
(c) Wealth and industry.
(d) Idleness and peace.

13. What institution does Machiavelli cite in Chapter 46 as being responsible for producing men that are either "harsh or effeminate."
(a) The Magistrates.
(b) The Senate.
(c) The Plebs.
(d) The family.

14. What does Machiavelli recommend that prudent men avoid?
(a) Corruption and lies.
(b) Threatening and injuring anyone with words.
(c) Idleness and peace.
(d) Deceit and war.

15. Of what is Machiavelli critical regarding the military tactics of his day?
(a) They rely on Artillery too much.
(b) They avoid frontal assault.
(c) That they do not employ the tactics of ancient Rome.
(d) They do not employ Cavalry to its fullest potential.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Machiavelli consider one of the most important reasons the Roman Empire was successful in expanding its borders?

2. What does Machiavelli praise of the ancient Roman battlefield tactics?

3. What example does Machiavelli use to show how a Republic can handle a malady?

4. What has Machiavelli considered many times to be the causes of good and bad fortunes to men?

5. What, according to Machiavelli, determines whether or not a Republic falls into tyranny.

(see the answer keys)

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