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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who does Machiavelli consider to have an advantage in battle?
(a) The Artillery.
(b) The attacker.
(c) The largest army.
(d) The Cavalry.

2. What does Machiavelli claim to be the conduct of excellent and courageous men whether they experience good fortune or bad?
(a) They keep their courage in any fortune.
(b) They adjust to the times.
(c) They never refuse any type of challenge.
(d) They find enemies and defeat them.

3. How many commanders does Machiavelli advise over an army?
(a) A tribunal.
(b) One.
(c) One for battle and one for negotiation.
(d) One for each division.

4. What example does Machiavelli use to show how a Republic can handle a malady?
(a) The Senate using wisdom to avert disaster.
(b) Plebs developing industry to create wealth.
(c) Captains using deception to preserve freedom.
(d) Immigrants taking part in elections and affecting the laws of government.

5. What does Machiavelli identify as the three divisions of armies of his day?
(a) Vanguard, Battle Corps, and Rearguard.
(b) Cavalry, Vanguard, and Artillery.
(c) Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery.
(d) Battle Corps, Navy, and Ordinance.

6. Why does Machiavelli consider the public a better judge than Princes for who should occupy public offices.
(a) Because Princes play favorites.
(b) Because Princes are too easily distracted by women.
(c) Because the public is swayed by true Nobility.
(d) Because the public is guided by what others say of a candidate beyond publicly known acts.

7. In Book 3, Section 1, what does Machiavelli declare to be, "...a most true thing...."
(a) That, "...all will face death and taxes."
(b) That, "...regardless, all who rise suddenly will fall with the same rapidity."
(c) That, "...the only thing we learn from history is we do not learn from history."
(d) That, "...all the things of the world have to have an ending to their existence."

8. What does Machiavelli predict will come of corrupted Republics if they do not take the important step of extending its life?
(a) They will fall victim to a Tyrant.
(b) They will become ineffective and subject to the rule of a stronger Republic.
(c) The corruption will kill the body.
(d) They will break apart into new Republics

9. What does Machiavelli predict comes to those Republics that are changed violently.
(a) Peace will come when the leaders are destroyed.
(b) A stronger Republic will take control over it.
(c) Injury will come to many.
(d) Treaties will be made and order restored.

10. What, according to Machiavelli, did Epaminondas the Theban claim was most necessary and useful for a Captain?
(a) To have new weapons.
(b) To use new tactics.
(c) To fight in the open.
(d) To know the decisions and proceedings of the enemy.

11. How does Machiavelli advise a Captain to consider a tactical error by an enemy?
(a) Cautiously as it is probably a deception.
(b) The time to strike with all strength.
(c) Good fortune as it foretells victory.
(d) The time to draw the enemy into the open.

12. What does Machiavelli recommend as the three ways to restore a divided city?
(a) Build a wall between the combatants, place soldiers between their neighborhoods, and prevent them from passing among each other.
(b) Kill the leaders, conscript the men to the military, take the women into slavery.
(c) Dividing the city's wealth among the factions, sending them to colonies, conscripting them to the military.
(d) Kill the leaders of tumults, remove them from the city, or have them make peace.

13. On what does Machiavelli believe a Republic must be organized?
(a) The strength of its armies that can occupy provinces.
(b) The wisdom of its Nobles who will know how to use wealth.
(c) On the reputation of Citizens that give benefit to the city and avoid harming it and its liberty.
(d) The virtu of its Captains who will effectively deceive enemies.

14. What were the results for the two Roman Consuls in Machiavelli's illustration?
(a) Decius' soldiers became weary from the first shocks and fled, Fabius' soldiers saved their fury for the end when the enemy lost its energy.
(b) Fabius destroyed the enemy's city, and Junius was defeated by too many infantrymen.
(c) Decius caught his enemy unaware, and Octavius was defeated by artillery.
(d) Claudius' enemy was fooled, and Brutus was discovered.

15. In the comparison between the tactics of Scipio and Hannibal, what does Machiavelli consider to be praiseworthy?
(a) Surprise.
(b) New uses of artillery.
(c) Feigned foolishness.
(d) Success.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Machiavelli consider necessary to take control over a Republic to install a bad form of government over it?

2. What does Machiavelli identify as the difference between a Republic and the State (government) in how they can handle maladies?

3. What did Livius' history of Rome identify as the three divisions of the Roman army?

4. What has Machiavelli considered many times to be the causes of good and bad fortunes to men?

5. Who were the two Roman Consuls whose tactics Machiavelli compares as an example of how Princes can take what belongs to another?

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