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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The U.S. Army Air Corps' actions on an insulating vent on Mauna Loa volcano in 1935 result in what?

2. Both Iceland and Hawaii are the world's most what?

3. Reykjavik is the capital city of what nation?

4. What does "City Flow" do in Heimaey?

5. In gallons, how much water is pumped onto the lava flows of Heimaey each day?

Short Essay Questions

1. How old are the oldest parts of Hawaii and Iceland?

2. What is the population of Iceland's Heimaey before and after the 1973 eruptions?

3. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

4. Describe how Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson and Sveinn Eiriksson work together to fight against the lava that threatens Heimaey's town and harbor.

5. What role does Magnus Magnusson play during the 1973 volcanic eruptions in Heimaey?

6. How do residents of Heimaey benefit from the cooling but still hot lava after the 1973 eruptions?

7. What is threatened in Heimaey as a result of the unexpected volcanic eruption of 1973?

8. Describe what happens to the north side of the growing volcano on Heimaey.

9. How does the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration protect its sensitive, expensive equipment against damaging lava in Hawaii?

10. The author moves away from his discussion of Iceland's 1973 lava eruptions to talk about Hawaii's volcanoes. Describe what he writes about the U.S. Army Air Corps' attempts to stop lava from burying Hawaii's towns and cities.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe life for the residents of Heimaey before and after their island erupts in 1973. How is life for the islanders different afterward? How is it worse? How is it better?

Essay Topic 2

1. Why do people begin to settle in the Atchafalaya-Mississippi region? How do these communities go from being small settlements to large cities that support many important industries?

2. What brings newcomers to the Los Angeles County region where the coastal plains meet the mountains? How do the communities in this region grow and transform over time?

3. Keeping in mind the costs and resources involved, do you feel that protecting the communities in southern Louisiana and in southern California is worthwhile? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 3

Compare and contrast Louisiana's bayou life before and after the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers develops the system of locks, gates, spillways, and structures to control the region's rivers.

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