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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. On January 23, 1973, the five thousand residents of Heimaey, the only populated island of Vestmannaeyjar, are threatened by what?
(a) Flu epidemic.
(b) War.
(c) Lava.
(d) Cracking ice shelf.

2. What position does Magnus Magnusson hold in 1973?
(a) Governor.
(b) Mayor.
(c) Prime Minister.
(d) Ambassador.

3. When workers in Vestmannaeyjar hose down lava, why do they keep moving?
(a) To cool down other parts of the flow.
(b) Because the lava flow keeps shifting.
(c) To stay warm in the cold climate.
(d) To keep their boots from burning up.

4. How much water is pumped onto a lava field directly in the path of the moving mountain headed towards Heimaey's town and harbor?
(a) Thirty million gallons.
(b) Three hundred thousand gallons.
(c) Three thousand gallons.
(d) Thirty trillion gallons.

5. The oldest parts of Iceland are how old?
(a) One and a half million years.
(b) Five millions years.
(c) Fourteen million years.
(d) Twenty-nine million years.

6. To cool the lava flows of 1973, what does Valdimar Jonsson suggest?
(a) Redirecting the flow towards an iceberg.
(b) Stacking ice blocks along the lava's path.
(c) Using ten times more water.
(d) Using ice and snow.

7. What does Magnus Magnusson tell Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson to protect first during the eruptions of 1973?
(a) Harbor.
(b) Fisheries.
(c) City.
(d) Canneries.

8. After work crews deal with the moving mountain on Iceland's erupting island, what challenge do they face?
(a) Pumps that fail due to excessive heat.
(b) Blinding blizzard that buries the equipment.
(c) New lava flow that threatens the town.
(d) Orders from Iceland's government to stop all cooling efforts.

9. In "Cooling the Lava," when the author redirects his conversation to Hawaii he talks about the The Hawaiian Research Association which formed in:
(a) 1956.
(b) 1932.
(c) 1885.
(d) 1911.

10. When Magnus Magnusson takes the author to visit an old monument in Iceland, what do they do?
(a) Leave a wreathe and sing a battle song.
(b) Read its inscription and view the landscape.
(c) Say a prayer for those who died in the eruption.
(d) Carve a new inscription on the monument.

11. The U.S. Army Air Corps' actions on an insulating vent on Mauna Loa volcano in 1935 result in what?
(a) Better seismic readings.
(b) Debris buildup and redirected lava flows.
(c) Temporary halt of lava flows.
(d) Cooled lava.

12. Reykjavik is the capital city of what nation?
(a) Greenland.
(b) Iceland.
(c) Poland.
(d) Denmark.

13. When does hot lava stop glowing red?
(a) Below thirty-five hundred degrees.
(b) Below fifteen hundred degrees.
(c) When the air temperature is minus twenty.
(d) When it hits an iceberg.

14. How does Sigurdur Steinthorsson monitor volcanic gases during the 1973 eruption?
(a) Particle detector.
(b) Measuring static electricity.
(c) Smoking cigars.
(d) Infrared glasses.

15. With "City Flow" moving towards them in Heimaey, what do pumping crews do?
(a) Send an emergency request for more crews and equipment.
(b) Board a ship and leave.
(c) Dismantle and move equipment to save it.
(d) Abandon efforts and run away.

Short Answer Questions

1. During the 1973 volcanic eruptions, many farmers and fishermen leave Heimaey:

2. The Hawaiian Research Association forms for what purpose?

3. Even though Hawaii's Hilo is often threatened by lava flows, Hilo has thus far been protected because:

4. Over two centuries of recorded history, Mauna Loa erupts how often on average?

5. Heimaey is about the same size as:

(see the answer keys)

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