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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Hawaiian Research Association forms for what purpose?
(a) Preventing lava from burying cities.
(b) Revisiting Hawaiian legends to learn more about lava.
(c) Studying the nature of lava flows.
(d) Relocating residents directly in the path of flowing lava.

2. In Heimaey, who is Sveinn Eiriksson?
(a) Fire chief.
(b) Volcano expert.
(c) Reporter.
(d) Physician.

3. How does Sigurdur Steinthorsson monitor volcanic gases during the 1973 eruption?
(a) Smoking cigars.
(b) Measuring static electricity.
(c) Infrared glasses.
(d) Particle detector.

4. What do doctors dispense to workers who are cooling down the lava in Iceland to soothe their hoarse throats?
(a) Icelandic throat lozenges.
(b) Norwegian chest drops.
(c) Swedish chest lozenges.
(d) Finnish cough drops.

5. Sigurdur Jonsson is an Iceland resident who works on what?
(a) Polar bear protection.
(b) Tourism.
(c) Pumping crews.
(d) Fishing boats.

6. When the author recounts the moments before the 1973 eruption in Heimaey, he describes what?
(a) A loud, deep sound emanating from the volcano.
(b) Vibrations that are not unusual for the region.
(c) An uncanny silence settling over the land.
(d) A violent shaking of the ground.

7. Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson decides to try to stop the chunk of mountain moving towards Heimaey's town and harbor by:
(a) Blocking the mountain with a natural barrier of cooled lava.
(b) Ordering a plane to drop a bomb on the mountain.
(c) Pumping seawater directly onto the mountain.
(d) Blowing up the mountain with a thousand sticks of dynamite.

8. What does "City Flow" do in Heimaey?
(a) Kills twenty-nine workers.
(b) Crushes houses in its path.
(c) Melts the moving mountain.
(d) Moves lava streams away from the town.

9. What nickname do the residents of Heimaey give to Sveinn Eiriksson?
(a) Patton.
(b) Powell.
(c) Roosevelt.
(d) Grant.

10. When does the author visit Vestmannaeyjar?
(a) Fifteen years after the collapse of the ice shelf.
(b) During the eruption.
(c) When the ice shelf collapses.
(d) Fifteen years after the eruption.

11. Over two centuries of recorded history, Mauna Loa erupts how often on average?
(a) Three times a year.
(b) Twice a year.
(c) Every three and a half years.
(d) Every twelve years.

12. How are residents and livestock evacuated from Heimaey during the 1973 eruptions?
(a) By ships and trains.
(b) By ships, planes, and boats.
(c) By boats, trains, and planes.
(d) By trains and planes.

13. When does hot lava stop glowing red?
(a) When the air temperature is minus twenty.
(b) When it hits an iceberg.
(c) Below thirty-five hundred degrees.
(d) Below fifteen hundred degrees.

14. What happens when the north side of the volcanic mountain in Vestmannaeyjar breaks loose?
(a) It melts into the lava flow.
(b) It crushes most of the town's homes.
(c) It moves towards the town and harbor.
(d) It falls into the ocean depths.

15. To cool the lava flows of 1973, what does Valdimar Jonsson suggest?
(a) Using ice and snow.
(b) Stacking ice blocks along the lava's path.
(c) Using ten times more water.
(d) Redirecting the flow towards an iceberg.

Short Answer Questions

1. What position does Magnus Magnusson hold in 1973?

2. What does Magnus Magnusson tell Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson to protect first during the eruptions of 1973?

3. During Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson's test run to cool lava by the coastline, what happens?

4. During the 1973 volcanic eruptions, many farmers and fishermen leave Heimaey:

5. After work crews deal with the moving mountain on Iceland's erupting island, what challenge do they face?

(see the answer keys)

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