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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When the author visits Vestmannaeyjar, what does he notice?
(a) Few survived the flu epidemic.
(b) Steam still rises from the ground.
(c) No polar bears are left.
(d) Most residents have moved out.

2. Sigurdur Jonsson is an Iceland resident who works on what?
(a) Polar bear protection.
(b) Fishing boats.
(c) Tourism.
(d) Pumping crews.

3. For the most part, residents of Heimaey are what during the 1973 eruptions?
(a) Frightened.
(b) Calm.
(c) Panicked.
(d) Indifferent.

4. When the author walks the streets of Iceland's Heimaey years after the 1973 eruption, what does he see?
(a) A town twice as large as before the eruption.
(b) Several new neighborhoods built atop cooled lava flows.
(c) A completely deserted ghost town.
(d) Vacant houses that have never been repaired.

5. What is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson's vocation?
(a) Environmentalist.
(b) Biologist.
(c) Chemist.
(d) Physicist.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do doctors dispense to workers who are cooling down the lava in Iceland to soothe their hoarse throats?

2. Both Iceland and Hawaii are the world's most what?

3. Results of the U.S. Army Air Corps' actions on an insulating vent on Mauna Loa volcano in 1935 cannot be confirmed because:

4. How do the returning residents benefit from the cooled but still hot lava rocks on Vestmannaeyjar?

5. Over two centuries of recorded history, Mauna Loa erupts how often on average?

Short Essay Questions

1. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

2. How do residents of Heimaey benefit from the cooling but still hot lava after the 1973 eruptions?

3. How is Heimaey's harbor altered after the eruptions and lava flows of 1973?

4. What is the population of Iceland's Heimaey before and after the 1973 eruptions?

5. Describe how Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson and Sveinn Eiriksson work together to fight against the lava that threatens Heimaey's town and harbor.

6. Describe work crews' first attempts at cooling off the lava flows of Heimaey in 1973.

7. Who is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson, and what idea does he come up with?

8. What role does Magnus Magnusson play during the 1973 volcanic eruptions in Heimaey?

9. What is the "City Flow?"

10. Describe how workers are able to walk upon lava fields as they try to cool down the lava on Heimaey in 1973.

(see the answer keys)

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