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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How long does the the Mauna Loa eruption of 1984 last?
(a) Thirty-three days.
(b) Three months.
(c) Thirty-three weeks.
(d) Three weeks.

2. On January 23, 1973, the five thousand residents of Heimaey, the only populated island of Vestmannaeyjar, are threatened by what?
(a) Flu epidemic.
(b) War.
(c) Lava.
(d) Cracking ice shelf.

3. In 1973, the eruptions in Heimaey begin on January 23 and continue vigorously before diminishing in strength through when?
(a) February 5th.
(b) January 30th.
(c) February 25th.
(d) March 1st.

4. Sigurdur Jonsson is an Iceland resident who works on what?
(a) Pumping crews.
(b) Polar bear protection.
(c) Tourism.
(d) Fishing boats.

5. Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson decides to try to stop the chunk of mountain moving towards Heimaey's town and harbor by:
(a) Blocking the mountain with a natural barrier of cooled lava.
(b) Pumping seawater directly onto the mountain.
(c) Blowing up the mountain with a thousand sticks of dynamite.
(d) Ordering a plane to drop a bomb on the mountain.

Short Answer Questions

1. Reykjavik is the capital city of what nation?

2. The Hawaiian Research Association forms for what purpose?

3. During the 1973 volcanic eruptions, many farmers and fishermen leave Heimaey:

4. Both Iceland and Hawaii are the world's most what?

5. Results of the U.S. Army Air Corps' actions on an insulating vent on Mauna Loa volcano in 1935 cannot be confirmed because:

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the population of Iceland's Heimaey before and after the 1973 eruptions?

2. Describe how workers are able to walk upon lava fields as they try to cool down the lava on Heimaey in 1973.

3. How is Heimaey's harbor altered after the eruptions and lava flows of 1973?

4. How does the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration protect its sensitive, expensive equipment against damaging lava in Hawaii?

5. What role does Magnus Magnusson play during the 1973 volcanic eruptions in Heimaey?

6. How old are the oldest parts of Hawaii and Iceland?

7. Briefly describe Mauna Loa.

8. What hazards do workers face as they try to stop the lava flows?

9. Who is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson, and what idea does he come up with?

10. Describe how Heimaey residents are evacuated following the eruptions that begin unexpectedly in 1973.

(see the answer keys)

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