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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Hawaiian Research Association forms for what purpose?
(a) Revisiting Hawaiian legends to learn more about lava.
(b) Relocating residents directly in the path of flowing lava.
(c) Preventing lava from burying cities.
(d) Studying the nature of lava flows.

2. What does the U.S. Army Air Corps do to an insulating vent on Mauna Loa volcano in 1935?
(a) Floods it with water.
(b) Fills it with boulders.
(c) Bombs it.
(d) Attaches vibration sensors.

3. During the 1973 volcanic eruptions, many farmers and fishermen leave Heimaey:
(a) For the first time.
(b) Never to return.
(c) For a day only.
(d) Against their will.

4. How do the returning residents benefit from the cooled but still hot lava rocks on Vestmannaeyjar?
(a) The heat provides protection against invaders.
(b) Lava rocks are used to create healing hot springs.
(c) Heat from the rocks promotes growth of beneficial bacteria.
(d) The rocks are used for heating purposes.

5. After work crews deal with the moving mountain on Iceland's erupting island, what challenge do they face?
(a) Pumps that fail due to excessive heat.
(b) New lava flow that threatens the town.
(c) Blinding blizzard that buries the equipment.
(d) Orders from Iceland's government to stop all cooling efforts.

Short Answer Questions

1. When does hot lava stop glowing red?

2. How long does the the Mauna Loa eruption of 1984 last?

3. The U.S. Army Air Corps' actions on an insulating vent on Mauna Loa volcano in 1935 result in what?

4. When the author walks the streets of Iceland's Heimaey years after the 1973 eruption, what does he see?

5. Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson is a native of which country?

Short Essay Questions

1. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

2. Describe what happens to the north side of the growing volcano on Heimaey.

3. Describe how Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson and Sveinn Eiriksson work together to fight against the lava that threatens Heimaey's town and harbor.

4. Who is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson, and what idea does he come up with?

5. Describe how Heimaey residents are evacuated following the eruptions that begin unexpectedly in 1973.

6. Describe work crews' first attempts at cooling off the lava flows of Heimaey in 1973.

7. How does the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration protect its sensitive, expensive equipment against damaging lava in Hawaii?

8. How is Heimaey's harbor altered after the eruptions and lava flows of 1973?

9. How do the views of Hawaiian natives towards volcanoes differ from the views of the U.S. Army Air Corps?

10. Briefly describe Mauna Loa.

(see the answer keys)

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