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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How long does the the Mauna Loa eruption of 1984 last?
(a) Three months.
(b) Three weeks.
(c) Thirty-three weeks.
(d) Thirty-three days.

2. When Magnus Magnusson takes the author to visit an old monument in Iceland, what do they do?
(a) Read its inscription and view the landscape.
(b) Say a prayer for those who died in the eruption.
(c) Carve a new inscription on the monument.
(d) Leave a wreathe and sing a battle song.

3. Even though Hawaii's Hilo is often threatened by lava flows, Hilo has thus far been protected because:
(a) Of man-made barriers.
(b) A freshwater stream slows the lava flow.
(c) Flows stop within a dozen to one mile of the port.
(d) A tall mountain stands between Hilo and the lava.

4. What position does Magnus Magnusson hold in 1973?
(a) Ambassador.
(b) Prime Minister.
(c) Mayor.
(d) Governor.

5. What is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson's idea to stop the flow of lava?
(a) Redirecting it.
(b) Digging channels and ditches.
(c) Cooling it.
(d) Building a metal wall.

Short Answer Questions

1. In "Cooling the Lava," when the author redirects his conversation to Hawaii he talks about the The Hawaiian Research Association which formed in:

2. How are residents and livestock evacuated from Heimaey during the 1973 eruptions?

3. After the eruptions of 1973 end, how many of Heimaey's evacuees return?

4. In Hawaii, how many volcanoes are there within the group that includes Mauna Loa?

5. In 1973, the eruptions in Heimaey begin on January 23 and continue vigorously before diminishing in strength through when?

Short Essay Questions

1. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

2. Describe how Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson and Sveinn Eiriksson work together to fight against the lava that threatens Heimaey's town and harbor.

3. Describe how Heimaey residents are evacuated following the eruptions that begin unexpectedly in 1973.

4. Who is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson, and what idea does he come up with?

5. The author moves away from his discussion of Iceland's 1973 lava eruptions to talk about Hawaii's volcanoes. Describe what he writes about the U.S. Army Air Corps' attempts to stop lava from burying Hawaii's towns and cities.

6. Describe work crews' first attempts at cooling off the lava flows of Heimaey in 1973.

7. How does the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration protect its sensitive, expensive equipment against damaging lava in Hawaii?

8. How is Heimaey's harbor altered after the eruptions and lava flows of 1973?

9. What role does Magnus Magnusson play during the 1973 volcanic eruptions in Heimaey?

10. How do residents of Heimaey benefit from the cooling but still hot lava after the 1973 eruptions?

(see the answer keys)

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