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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. After being hosed down, how long does it take for red-hot lava to turn black?
(a) Two and a half weeks.
(b) A month and a half.
(c) Hours to days.
(d) Four weeks.

2. Officials propose to protect Hilo, Hawaii's second-largest city and port, against lava flows through what?
(a) Relocation.
(b) Plexiglass shields.
(c) Barriers.
(d) Careful monitoring.

3. When Magnus Magnusson takes the author to visit an old monument in Iceland, what do they do?
(a) Carve a new inscription on the monument.
(b) Say a prayer for those who died in the eruption.
(c) Read its inscription and view the landscape.
(d) Leave a wreathe and sing a battle song.

4. What do work crews call the two-million ton floating mountain that breaks off during the 1973 eruptions?
(a) Haukadalur the Ominous.
(b) Flakkarinn the Wanderer.
(c) Dettifoss the Mountain.
(d) Surtsey the Fiery.

5. In Heimaey, who is Sveinn Eiriksson?
(a) Fire chief.
(b) Volcano expert.
(c) Reporter.
(d) Physician.

Short Answer Questions

1. Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson decides to try to stop the chunk of mountain moving towards Heimaey's town and harbor by:

2. In Hawaii, how many volcanoes are there within the group that includes Mauna Loa?

3. During Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson's test run to cool lava by the coastline, what happens?

4. Vestmannaeyjar holds how much of Iceland's total population?

5. When does hot lava stop glowing red?

Short Essay Questions

1. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

2. What is the population of Iceland's Heimaey before and after the 1973 eruptions?

3. Describe how workers are able to walk upon lava fields as they try to cool down the lava on Heimaey in 1973.

4. How old are the oldest parts of Hawaii and Iceland?

5. Who is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson, and what idea does he come up with?

6. Briefly describe Mauna Loa.

7. The author moves away from his discussion of Iceland's 1973 lava eruptions to talk about Hawaii's volcanoes. Describe what he writes about the U.S. Army Air Corps' attempts to stop lava from burying Hawaii's towns and cities.

8. How do residents of Heimaey benefit from the cooling but still hot lava after the 1973 eruptions?

9. Describe what happens to the north side of the growing volcano on Heimaey.

10. What is the "City Flow?"

(see the answer keys)

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