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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What does the U.S. Army Air Corps do to an insulating vent on Mauna Loa volcano in 1935?
(a) Bombs it.
(b) Fills it with boulders.
(c) Floods it with water.
(d) Attaches vibration sensors.

2. The oldest parts of Iceland are how old?
(a) Twenty-nine million years.
(b) Five millions years.
(c) One and a half million years.
(d) Fourteen million years.

3. Officials propose to protect Hilo, Hawaii's second-largest city and port, against lava flows through what?
(a) Barriers.
(b) Plexiglass shields.
(c) Relocation.
(d) Careful monitoring.

4. When Magnus Magnusson takes the author to visit an old monument in Iceland, what do they do?
(a) Leave a wreathe and sing a battle song.
(b) Read its inscription and view the landscape.
(c) Carve a new inscription on the monument.
(d) Say a prayer for those who died in the eruption.

5. During the 1973 volcanic eruptions, many farmers and fishermen leave Heimaey:
(a) For the first time.
(b) Never to return.
(c) Against their will.
(d) For a day only.

Short Answer Questions

1. Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson decides to try to stop the chunk of mountain moving towards Heimaey's town and harbor by:

2. After being hosed down, how long does it take for red-hot lava to turn black?

3. How much water is pumped onto a lava field directly in the path of the moving mountain headed towards Heimaey's town and harbor?

4. How do the returning residents benefit from the cooled but still hot lava rocks on Vestmannaeyjar?

5. For the most part, residents of Heimaey are what during the 1973 eruptions?

Short Essay Questions

1. Is there any warning prior to the eruption in Heimaey that began on January 23, 1973?

2. What role does Magnus Magnusson play during the 1973 volcanic eruptions in Heimaey?

3. Describe how workers are able to walk upon lava fields as they try to cool down the lava on Heimaey in 1973.

4. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

5. Describe what happens to the north side of the growing volcano on Heimaey.

6. What hazards do workers face as they try to stop the lava flows?

7. How is Heimaey's harbor altered after the eruptions and lava flows of 1973?

8. How do the views of Hawaiian natives towards volcanoes differ from the views of the U.S. Army Air Corps?

9. What is threatened in Heimaey as a result of the unexpected volcanic eruption of 1973?

10. How old are the oldest parts of Hawaii and Iceland?

(see the answer keys)

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