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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Even though Hawaii's Hilo is often threatened by lava flows, Hilo has thus far been protected because:
(a) A tall mountain stands between Hilo and the lava.
(b) Flows stop within a dozen to one mile of the port.
(c) A freshwater stream slows the lava flow.
(d) Of man-made barriers.

2. How long does the the Mauna Loa eruption of 1984 last?
(a) Three weeks.
(b) Thirty-three days.
(c) Thirty-three weeks.
(d) Three months.

3. What position does Magnus Magnusson hold in 1973?
(a) Ambassador.
(b) Prime Minister.
(c) Governor.
(d) Mayor.

4. The Civil Defense Council in the Reykjavik National Emergency Center is established in 1962 as what?
(a) Natural disaster preparedness center.
(b) Volcano eruption monitoring station.
(c) Command-post bomb shelter.
(d) Storm-monitoring communication headquarters.

5. Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson decides to try to stop the chunk of mountain moving towards Heimaey's town and harbor by:
(a) Blowing up the mountain with a thousand sticks of dynamite.
(b) Ordering a plane to drop a bomb on the mountain.
(c) Pumping seawater directly onto the mountain.
(d) Blocking the mountain with a natural barrier of cooled lava.

Short Answer Questions

1. The oldest parts of Iceland are how old?

2. What is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson's vocation?

3. When does hot lava stop glowing red?

4. In "Cooling the Lava," when the author redirects his conversation to Hawaii he talks about the The Hawaiian Research Association which formed in:

5. Vestmannaeyjar holds how much of Iceland's total population?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe how workers are able to walk upon lava fields as they try to cool down the lava on Heimaey in 1973.

2. What is the "City Flow?"

3. Is there any warning prior to the eruption in Heimaey that began on January 23, 1973?

4. How is Heimaey's harbor altered after the eruptions and lava flows of 1973?

5. Who is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson, and what idea does he come up with?

6. What role does Magnus Magnusson play during the 1973 volcanic eruptions in Heimaey?

7. Briefly describe Mauna Loa.

8. What hazards do workers face as they try to stop the lava flows?

9. What is the population of Iceland's Heimaey before and after the 1973 eruptions?

10. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

(see the answer keys)

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