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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson's idea to stop the flow of lava?
(a) Redirecting it.
(b) Digging channels and ditches.
(c) Building a metal wall.
(d) Cooling it.

2. What does Magnus Magnusson tell Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson to protect first during the eruptions of 1973?
(a) City.
(b) Canneries.
(c) Fisheries.
(d) Harbor.

3. Even though Hawaii's Hilo is often threatened by lava flows, Hilo has thus far been protected because:
(a) Flows stop within a dozen to one mile of the port.
(b) A tall mountain stands between Hilo and the lava.
(c) Of man-made barriers.
(d) A freshwater stream slows the lava flow.

4. The Hawaiian Research Association forms for what purpose?
(a) Revisiting Hawaiian legends to learn more about lava.
(b) Studying the nature of lava flows.
(c) Preventing lava from burying cities.
(d) Relocating residents directly in the path of flowing lava.

5. What nickname do the residents of Heimaey give to Sveinn Eiriksson?
(a) Roosevelt.
(b) Powell.
(c) Patton.
(d) Grant.

Short Answer Questions

1. For the most part, residents of Heimaey are what during the 1973 eruptions?

2. Sveinn Eiriksson is a man of:

3. How are residents and livestock evacuated from Heimaey during the 1973 eruptions?

4. Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson decides to try to stop the chunk of mountain moving towards Heimaey's town and harbor by:

5. With "City Flow" moving towards them in Heimaey, what do pumping crews do?

Short Essay Questions

1. How old are the oldest parts of Hawaii and Iceland?

2. How is Heimaey's harbor altered after the eruptions and lava flows of 1973?

3. What hazards do workers face as they try to stop the lava flows?

4. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

5. What is threatened in Heimaey as a result of the unexpected volcanic eruption of 1973?

6. What is the "City Flow?"

7. Who is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson, and what idea does he come up with?

8. What is the population of Iceland's Heimaey before and after the 1973 eruptions?

9. The author moves away from his discussion of Iceland's 1973 lava eruptions to talk about Hawaii's volcanoes. Describe what he writes about the U.S. Army Air Corps' attempts to stop lava from burying Hawaii's towns and cities.

10. Describe what happens to the north side of the growing volcano on Heimaey.

(see the answer keys)

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