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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How long does the the Mauna Loa eruption of 1984 last?
(a) Thirty-three weeks.
(b) Thirty-three days.
(c) Three months.
(d) Three weeks.

2. What ultimately happens to the moving piece of mountain on Vestmannaeyjar?
(a) Hits another mountain and stops.
(b) Completely destroys the town and stops.
(c) Falls into the ocean.
(d) Breaks up into smaller, non-moving pieces.

3. Reykjavik is the capital city of what nation?
(a) Greenland.
(b) Denmark.
(c) Poland.
(d) Iceland.

4. What happens when the north side of the volcanic mountain in Vestmannaeyjar breaks loose?
(a) It falls into the ocean depths.
(b) It crushes most of the town's homes.
(c) It melts into the lava flow.
(d) It moves towards the town and harbor.

5. When workers in Vestmannaeyjar hose down lava, why do they keep moving?
(a) To keep their boots from burning up.
(b) To cool down other parts of the flow.
(c) To stay warm in the cold climate.
(d) Because the lava flow keeps shifting.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why do residents of Heimaey hose down oncoming lava?

2. Sigurdur Jonsson is an Iceland resident who works on what?

3. What gives Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson the idea to cool the oncoming flow of lava?

4. For the most part, residents of Heimaey are what during the 1973 eruptions?

5. How does Sigurdur Steinthorsson monitor volcanic gases during the 1973 eruption?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe work crews' first attempts at cooling off the lava flows of Heimaey in 1973.

2. How do the views of Hawaiian natives towards volcanoes differ from the views of the U.S. Army Air Corps?

3. Describe what happens to the north side of the growing volcano on Heimaey.

4. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

5. Is there any warning prior to the eruption in Heimaey that began on January 23, 1973?

6. What hazards do workers face as they try to stop the lava flows?

7. How do residents of Heimaey benefit from the cooling but still hot lava after the 1973 eruptions?

8. Briefly describe Mauna Loa.

9. How does the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration protect its sensitive, expensive equipment against damaging lava in Hawaii?

10. Describe how Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson and Sveinn Eiriksson work together to fight against the lava that threatens Heimaey's town and harbor.

(see the answer keys)

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