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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson decides to try to stop the chunk of mountain moving towards Heimaey's town and harbor by:
(a) Pumping seawater directly onto the mountain.
(b) Blowing up the mountain with a thousand sticks of dynamite.
(c) Blocking the mountain with a natural barrier of cooled lava.
(d) Ordering a plane to drop a bomb on the mountain.

2. Sigurdur Jonsson is an Iceland resident who works on what?
(a) Tourism.
(b) Pumping crews.
(c) Polar bear protection.
(d) Fishing boats.

3. What do doctors dispense to workers who are cooling down the lava in Iceland to soothe their hoarse throats?
(a) Finnish cough drops.
(b) Icelandic throat lozenges.
(c) Norwegian chest drops.
(d) Swedish chest lozenges.

4. The Civil Defense Council in the Reykjavik National Emergency Center is established in 1962 as what?
(a) Volcano eruption monitoring station.
(b) Command-post bomb shelter.
(c) Storm-monitoring communication headquarters.
(d) Natural disaster preparedness center.

5. During Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson's test run to cool lava by the coastline, what happens?
(a) Water solidifies lava, but it doesn't cool completely.
(b) Water evaporates before it can solidify lava.
(c) Lava cools completely and stops flowing.
(d) Lava cools slightly, but it doesn't solidify.

Short Answer Questions

1. How tall does the erupting volcano in Heimaey grow to above sea level?

2. Officials propose to protect Hilo, Hawaii's second-largest city and port, against lava flows through what?

3. Heimaey is about the same size as:

4. The U.S. Army Air Corps' actions on an insulating vent on Mauna Loa volcano in 1935 result in what?

5. Both Iceland and Hawaii are the world's most what?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the population of Iceland's Heimaey before and after the 1973 eruptions?

2. How does the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration protect its sensitive, expensive equipment against damaging lava in Hawaii?

3. How do residents of Heimaey benefit from the cooling but still hot lava after the 1973 eruptions?

4. How is Heimaey's harbor altered after the eruptions and lava flows of 1973?

5. Briefly describe Mauna Loa.

6. Is there any warning prior to the eruption in Heimaey that began on January 23, 1973?

7. How do the working crews stop the large chunk of mountain from crashing into Heimaey's town and port?

8. What hazards do workers face as they try to stop the lava flows?

9. Who is Thorbjorn Sigurgeirsson, and what idea does he come up with?

10. How old are the oldest parts of Hawaii and Iceland?

(see the answer keys)

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