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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what year did seals begin to die in mass numbers, signaling a new disease?

2. What refers to a process by which thermal radiation is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases and then re-radiated in all directions?

3. In Chapter 11: "Hatari: Vinidogodogo," where were the doctors following a particularly virulent strain of herpes?

4. What did GRID stand for when it was first applied to the AIDS epidemic?

5. What does PID refer to?

Short Essay Questions

1. What obstacles did Joe McCormick find in the fight against the Lassa virus?

2. How does the author correlate the development of urban centers to the growth of disease in Chapter 9: "Microbe Magnets"?

3. What was the impact of tuberculosis in America? What improved conditions?

4. How did drug use perpetuate the spread of AIDS?

5. What illness broke out in New Mexico in 1993? How many people died?

6. What was the impact of resistant microbes in third world countries?

7. What was the message delivered by Johnathan Mann in Chapter 14: "Thirdworldization"? To whom did he speak?

8. What was the impact of antibiotics given to animals, as discussed in Chapter 13: "Revenge of the Germs"?

9. What are retroviruses and oncogenes? What was discovered about them in Chapter 8: "Revolution"?

10. How does the author describe the evolution of staph infections in Chapter 13: "Revenge of the Germs"?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Analyze and discuss the history of plagues and their correlation to urban development. Why does the author assert that urbanization relates directly to the spread of disease? Also discuss the differences in pandemics and epidemics in Western Europe and the Americas versus those in Africa, India, and Asia. In what ways have plagues affected these civilizations differently?

Essay Topic 2

Analyze and discuss the yellow fever epidemic in the 1970s and Joe McCormick's work in Brazil. How had the bacteria developed resistance to antibiotics and when was a vaccine finally developed? Why was spread of the disease possible in the US but less possible in South America?

Essay Topic 3

Describe and discuss the initial outbreak of Legionnaires' disease. How did the outbreak impact legislation and policy regarding vaccinations for swine flu? Also discuss the dismissal of David Sencer from the CDC. How did the events surrounding his dismissal affect Americans' views regarding the CDC? How did this raise distrust for vaccination policies?

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