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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what year did seals begin to die in mass numbers, signaling a new disease?

2. E faecium became resistant to which last available antibiotic?

3. Lyme disease was first discovered when a number of cases were identified in what year?

4. What country sought to improve its own infrastructures with little funding, relying instead on education?

5. According to the author in Chapter 13, what were vital to cell transformation?

Short Essay Questions

1. What were the reasons that poverty stricken areas encouraged drug resistant bacteria?

2. What illness broke out in New Mexico in 1993? How many people died?

3. What was the impact of tuberculosis in America? What improved conditions?

4. How did drug use perpetuate the spread of AIDS?

5. What obstacles did Joe McCormick find in the fight against the Lassa virus?

6. How does the author correlate the development of urban centers to the growth of disease in Chapter 9: "Microbe Magnets"?

7. How did many nations respond to the AIDS epidemic?

8. What led to the outbreak of AIDS in Uganda? What was the impact of AIDS there?

9. What was the message delivered by Johnathan Mann in Chapter 14: "Thirdworldization"? To whom did he speak?

10. What three social epidemics related to the biological epidemic of AIDS are observed in Chapter 14: "Thirdworldization"?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Describe and discuss Paul Bres and his work with the WHO, and the development of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Where did the disease first appear? What were the living conditions of the villagers like and how did this contribute to the spread of the disease?

Essay Topic 2

Define and discuss genetic engineering, slow viruses, retroviruses and oncogenes. When did the greatest developments in genetic engineering take place? How did these developments change the way scientists viewed viruses and bacteria?

Essay Topic 3

Analyze and discuss the political elements of mass immunizations. What backlash came about from the swine flu vaccination campaign? How was the CDC impacted by lawsuits? What recent attempts at vaccinations have been controversial and why?

(see the answer keys)

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