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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Hantaviruses are carried by what type of animal?

2. An increase in sand flies resulted in an increase in what disease, according to the author in Chapter 9?

3. Chapter 9: "Microbe Magnets" explains that prior to ___________ large cities were rare, and most of the illness threats were parasitic.

4. The author notes in Chapter 16 that when humans throw off nature's balance and cause smaller diversity, what emerges?

5. When E coli 0157:H7 arrived, transmitted from contaminated meat, which argument became clear?

Short Essay Questions

1. What obstacles did Joe McCormick find in the fight against the Lassa virus?

2. How did drug use perpetuate the spread of AIDS?

3. What led to the outbreak of AIDS in Uganda? What was the impact of AIDS there?

4. How does the author describe the outbreak of Lyme disease? How did human interaction impact the disease?

5. How does the author describe the Rivet Hypothesis in Chapter 16?

6. What was the CDC's response to the initial outbreak of AIDS? Where had similar cases been seen?

7. What was the message delivered by Johnathan Mann in Chapter 14: "Thirdworldization"? To whom did he speak?

8. What was the impact of tuberculosis in America? What improved conditions?

9. What are retroviruses and oncogenes? What was discovered about them in Chapter 8: "Revolution"?

10. What impact did AIDS have in India?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss and analyze the history and origins of the flu virus and swine flu. When was the swine flu virus discovered and how did this discovery impact its eradication? Also discuss Richard Shope and the CDC's attempts to develop vaccinations for the virus. Why did the researchers meet with resistance?

Essay Topic 2

Analyze and discuss the history of plagues and their correlation to urban development. Why does the author assert that urbanization relates directly to the spread of disease? Also discuss the differences in pandemics and epidemics in Western Europe and the Americas versus those in Africa, India, and Asia. In what ways have plagues affected these civilizations differently?

Essay Topic 3

Describe and discuss the work of Merl Kuns and Al Wieden during the epidemic of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, and the setting and geography of San Joaquin, Bolivia. How did the malnutrition of the villagers impact the spread of disease? How were living conditions tied to the disease?

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