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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. To what does Hofstadter attribute the failure of John C. Calhoun's political career?

2. Which movement advocated a philosophy of natural rights and human equality?

3. What did the Founders believe about man?

4. According to Hofstadter, what main problem did free slaves face?

5. Which institution created by Alexander Hamilton did Thomas Jefferson allow to expire?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did the Bank of America contribute to Andrew Jackson's rise to power?

2. Why did Wendell Phillips criticize capitalism?

3. How did the American aristocracy establish their social hierarchy in the 18th and 19th centuries?

4. What is an agrarian lifestyle?

5. How did Abraham Lincoln initiate war without ordering the Union Army to attack?

6. How did Andrew Jackson destroy the Bank of America?

7. Why didn't the Founders want to establish a monarchy?

8. Why did Thomas Jefferson like Locke's political theory?

9. How did Abraham Lincoln rise to power?

10. Why does Hofstadter consider Wendell Phillips the most effective abolitionist?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What constitutes a laissez-faire attitude towards an economy? Describe examples of laissez-faire policies. How do laissez-faire policies assist in the economic growth and development of a nation? What dangers are inherent in laissez-faire economics?

Essay Topic 2

Describe the impact of the Populist movement on the economy of the United States. Which groups of Americans were attracted to the Populist movement and why? What role did social reform play in the Populist platform? What was the economic platform of the Populist movement? What could have caused the demise of the Populist Party?

Essay Topic 3

Describe the meaning of the phrase "civil liberties." What civil liberties did the Founders wish for all American citizens to have? How does the Constitution affect the civil liberties of American citizens? Which groups of Americans were not initially guaranteed all civil liberties as described by the Constitution and when did they receive those liberties?

(see the answer keys)

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